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Information Management > (PM) BRT - Statistical Methods > Flashcards

(PM) BRT - Statistical Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Nominal (IV) - Nominal (DV)

A

Chi-square test

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2
Q

Ordinal (IV) - Nominal (DV)

A

Chi-square test

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3
Q

Nominal (IV) - Ordinal (DV)

A

Chi-square test

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4
Q

Ordinal (IV) - Ordinal (DV)

A

Chi-square test

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5
Q

Nominal (IV) - Interval (DV)

A

T-test, ANOVA

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6
Q

Ordinal (IV) - Interval (DV)

A

T-test, ANOVA

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7
Q

Nominal (IV) - Ratio (DV)

A

T-test, ANOVA

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8
Q

Ordinal (IV) - Ratio (DV)

A

T-test, ANOVA

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9
Q

Interval (IV) - Nominal (DV)

A

Logit analysis

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10
Q

Ratio (IV) - Nominal (DV)

A

Logit analysis

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11
Q

Interval (IV) - Ordinal (DV)

A

Logit analysis

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12
Q

Ratio (IV) - Ordinal (DV)

A

Logit analysis

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13
Q

Interval (IV) - Interval (DV)

A

Regression analysis

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14
Q

Ratio (IV) - Interval (DV)

A

Regression analysis

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15
Q

Interval (IV) - Ratio (DV)

A

Regression analysis

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16
Q

Ratio (IV) - Ratio (DV)

A

Regression analysis

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17
Q

When I measure the IV ‘class attendance’ with 2 levels (low attendance vs. high attendance ) and want to test its relationship with the ratio-scaled DV ‘grades’, I should carry out …

A

T-test (or One-Way ANOVA in case of factorial experiment)

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18
Q

When I measure the IV ‘class attendance’ and the IV ‘Assignment result’ and want to test its relationship with the ratio-scaled DV ‘grades’, I should carry out …

A

ANOVA (in case of factorial experiment, Two-Way)

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19
Q

When I measure IV “University status” (with levels; Failed Pre-Master, Passed Pre-Master and Graduated) and want to test its relationship with ‘Income’, I should carry out …

A

ANOVA (in case of factorial experiment, One-Way)

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20
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Divide in homogenous groups, then apply SRS

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21
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Divide in heterogenous groups, then select a number of groups

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22
Q

A researcher wants to study the effect of packaging shape (which can be either squared vs round) and packaging height (where height can take on any value between 0 and 100 centimetres) on perceived healthiness (7-point Likert scale).

Which test should be used?

A

Regression Analysis

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23
Q

History effect

A

Events/factors outside the experiment that have an impact on the DV

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24
Q

Maturation Effect

A

Biological / Psychological changes over time

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25
Q

Testing Effect

A

Prior testing affecting the DV

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26
Q

Instrumentation Effect

A

Observed effect being due to a change in measurement

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27
Q

Selection Bias Effect

A

Incorrect selection of respondents

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28
Q

Mortality effect!

A

Drop-out of respondents during experiment

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29
Q

Symbolic Notation: CG

A

Control group

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30
Q

Symbolic Notation: EG

A

Experimental group

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31
Q

Symbolic Notation: X(i)

A

Exposure to IV treatment i

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32
Q

Symbolic Notation: ‘ ‘

A

No IV treatment.

33
Q

Symbolic Notation: O(i)

A

Observation of DV i

34
Q

Symbolic Notation: R

A

Random allocation of respondents to treatment

35
Q

X O1 O2

A

No random allocation. Participants are all given treatment X. DV 1 and 2 are measured.

36
Q

R X1 O1

A

Random allocation to treatment 1. DV 1 is measured

37
Q

R X2 O1

A

Random allocation to treatment 2. DV 1 is measured

38
Q

R O1

A

Random allocation, but no treatment. DV 1 is measured

39
Q

One-shot Case Study

A

Cause-effect study. Notation: X O. Remark: no comparisons possible

40
Q

One-group Pretest-posttest

A

Investigate influence of a variable. Notation: O X O. Remark: no control for extraneous variables

41
Q

Static group

A

Comparing a treatment with a control group. Notation:
EG: X O1
CG: O2
Remark: there can be a difference in the EG and CG

42
Q

Pretest-posttest control group

A

Controls for confounds (variables that threaten internal validity). Notation:
EG: R 01 X O2
CG: R O3 O4

43
Q

Posttest-only control group

A

When pre-tests are nog possible. Notation:
EG: R X O1
CG: R O2
More simple than pretest posttest control group. Mortality effects possible

44
Q

Solomon Four Group

A

Minimize effects of pre-testing. Notation:
EG1: R O1 X O2
CG1: R O3 O4
EG2: R X O5
CG2: R O6
Strongest form of experimental control. Takes testing effects into account.

45
Q

Time series

A

When one group is available, and little control over manipulation and participants.
Notation: O1 O2 O3 X O4 O5
Sensitive for history and re-test effects

46
Q

Multiple time series

A 
Time series with control group
Notation:
EG: O1 O2 O3 X O4 O5
CG: O7 O8 O9
Different tests are possible (pre vs post, EG vs CG).
47
Q

Which test should be used for the following full factorial experiment?
One categorical IV with two levels, one continuous DV

A

T-Test or One-Way ANOVA

48
Q

Which test should be used for the following full factorial experiment?
One categorical IV with four levels, one continuous DV

A

One-Way ANOVA

49
Q

Which test should be used for the following full factorial experiment?
Two categorical IVs with both two levels, one continuous DV

A

Two-Way ANOVA

50
Q 
Which test should be used for the following full factorial experiment?
One IV (Education) with three levels (MBO, HBO, WO), one manipulated moderator continuous DV
A

Two-Way ANOVA

51
Q

What is a heterogeneous treatment effect?

A

Same treatment may affect different individuals differently

52
Q

Deductive research Process

A
  1. Define the business problem
  2. Formulate the problem statement
  3. Develop theoretical background
  4. Choose a research design
  5. Collect data
  6. Analyze data
  7. Write-up
53
Q

Inductive Research Process

A
  1. Define the business problem
  2. Formulate the problem statement
  3. Provide a conceptual background
  4. Choose a research design
  5. Collect data
  6. Analyze data
  7. Develop theory
54
Q

In exploratory research, researchers strive to …

A

… capture details, and rich data, obtain ‘saturation’ in insights from participants and to generate theory.

55
Q

In exploratory research, researchers strive to …

A

… capture details, and rich data, obtain ‘saturation’ in insights from participants and to generate theory.

56
Q

What forms for international research exists?

A

Sequential-, independent- and simultaneous multi-country research.

57
Q

Guaranteeing construct equivalence (in international research) can be done using…

A

Drawing from country-specific literature and conducting qualitative research (to identify cultural differences)

58
Q

Deductive research (types)

A

Causal & Correlational research

59
Q

Inductive research (types)

A

Exploratory research

60
Q

Validity

A

Measuring what you want to measure

61
Q

Reliability

A

Accuracy, exactness, replicability.

62
Q

Proxy

A

Approximation of underlying construct (within archival research validity)

63
Q

Deductive research (sampling)

A

Probability sampling

64
Q

Often used sampling technique in Inductive research

A

Non-probability sampling

65
Q

What strategies fall under causal research?

A

Lab ad field experiments.

66
Q

What strategies fall under correlational research?

A

Archival and survey research

67
Q

Controlled vs uncontrolled

A

Lab vs Natural environment

68
Q

Participant vs non-participant

A

Is the observator a part of the observation or not? Is the observator taking part in the activity

69
Q

Structured vs Unstructured

A

Does the observator have a list of things they want to observe or not?

70
Q

Concealed vs Non-concealed

A

Does the participant know they are being observed?

71
Q

Multivariate research

A

Multiple variables in a study, and where regression is used.

72
Q

Moderators…

A

Affect the relationships between variables, and have a direct effect on the dependent variable.

73
Q

Purposiveness

A

The ‘Why’ of the research

74
Q

Rigor

A

‘Strict precision’ or ‘Exactness’

75
Q

Objectivity

A

Making conclusions based on facts, not on personal (or supervisor driven) feelings or emotions

76
Q

Parsimony

A

Shave away unnecessary details

77
Q

Replicability

A

If someone replicates your study, they should find the same results

78
Q

Generalizability

A

Being able to apply the finding in a wide variety of settings

Information Management (21 decks)

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