PMC

Question 1

(Nicholson 1990)

Answer 1

Feminist critique of Lyotards PMC: if the pluralism of truths of real then you loose the standpoint of inequality (Gender) which occurs in most societies

Question 2

(Callinicos 1990)

Answer 2

Marxist critique of Lyotards PMC: The idea that universal truths have diminished disregards the fact that the primacy of the economy reamins (mostly) universal throughout societies

Question 3

(Giddens and Beck 1994)

Answer 3

Reflexive modernist critique of Lyotards PMC: social cohesion and solidarity cannot exist without at least some shared values

Question 4

(Smart 2016)

Answer 4

Neo-conservative critique of Lyotards PMC: the PMC attempts to undermine our identity with a fake and flaky image

Question 5

(Courtenay 2000)

Answer 5

males have worse health and life expectancy

Question 6

(Back et al 2010)

Answer 6

males are more likely to become drug addicts

Question 7

(Walklate 2013)

Answer 7

males are more likely to go to prison

Question 8

(Office for national statistics 2018)

Answer 8

8.6% gender pay gap in 2018

Question 9

(Pakulski and Waters 1996)

Answer 9

death of socio-economic class

Question 10

(Townley 1993)

Answer 10

Plurality of theories on the source and nature of power in modern society

Question 11

(Bandura 2000)

Answer 11

Everyone wants to believe that they are acting morally, and partakes in moral disengagement when they act against this internal moral code

Question 12

When was the great acceleration?

Answer 12

around 1945

Question 13

(Freud 1957)

Answer 13

Primacy Narcissism states that we must first love ourselves -> PMC suggests that this is being eroded as society becomes functionalised (lose time to reflect on society). Lyotard states that humans narcissism serves complexification (Lyotard 1992)

Question 14

Potential legitimising criteria

Answer 14

performability, consensus, parology (searching for errors/flaws)

Question 15

(Jones 2003)

Answer 15

If the PMC is true then can any macro social theorist be anything more than an armchair theory?
Lyotards writing becomes challenging to read as it swaps from descriptive to prescriptive interchangeably

Question 16

Where does the dehumanising effects occur?

Answer 16

All subgroups develop their own discourse due to specialisation. This means that there is no single discourse to connect all of society meaning that efficiency replaces community making society to function in a mechanical way (Language games)

Question 17

What causes the meta-narrative of modernity to become fragmented?

Answer 17

industrialisation of genocide, globalisation, information proliferation, specialisation, fragmentation of language, failure of the previous meta-narrative

Question 18

(Callinicos 1989)

Answer 18

Criticisms against the meta-narrative may be as old as the enlightenment era itself

Question 19

(Best and Kellner 1991)

Answer 19

Lyotard lumps all large narratives together which does violence towards the diversity of the narrative in his own culture

Question 20

(Smart 1999)

Answer 20

The modern project has not been abandoned, but its confidence has been eroded by a direct consequence of the objective of modernity itself.