PMI: Chapter 8 Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
ovaries
A
almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity
form and store egg cells (ova) and produce hormones estrogen and progesterone
2
Q
ovulation
A
release of an egg from the ovaries, which can then travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus
3
Q
ovum (pl. ova)
A
female egg cell
4
Q
graafian follicles
A
100K microscopic sacs that make up large portion of the ovaries (each follicle contains an immature ovum that develops to maturity monthly)
5
Q
fallopian tubes
A
pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides passageway for ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus
AKA uterine tubes
6
Q
fimbria (pl. fimbriae)
A
finger-like projections at the free end of the fallopian tube
7
Q
uterus
A
pear-sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up to abdominal cavity
functions: menstruation, pregnancy, labor
8
Q
endometrium
A
inner lining of the uterus
9
Q
myometrium
A
muscular middle layer of the uterus
10
Q
perimetrium
A
outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction
AKA uterine serosa
11
Q
corpus
A
large central portion of the uterus
AKA uterine body
12
Q
fundus
A
rounded upper portion of the uterus
13
Q
cervix (Cx)
A
narrow lower portion of the uterus
14
Q
vagina
A
passageway between the uterus and outside of the body
15
Q
hymen
A
fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina
16
Q
vulva
A
external genitals of the female
mons pubis, labia majora/minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, vaginal opening
17
Q
perineum
A
pelvic floor in both male and female
female - area between vaginal opening and anus
18
Q
Bartholin glands
A
pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening
AKA greater vestibular glands
19
Q
breasts
A
milk-producing glands, consisting of 15-20 divisions/lobules
AKA mammary glands
20
Q
areola
A
pigmented area around the breast nipple
21
Q
cervic/o
A
cervix
22
Q
colp/o
A
vagina
23
Q
endometri/o
A
endometrium
24
Q
episi/o
A
vulva
25
gynec/o
woman, female reproductive organs
26
hymen/o
hymen
27
hyster/o
uterus
28
mamm/o
breast
29
mast/o
breast
30
men/o
menstruation
31
metr/o
uterus
32
oophor/o
ovary
33
pelv/i
pelvis, pelvic cavity
34
perine/o
perineum
35
salping/o
fallopian tube (uterine tube)
36
trachel/o
cervix
37
vagin/o
vagina
38
vulv/o
vulva
39
hemat/o
blood
40
hydr/o
water
41
leuk/o
white
42
my/o
muscle
43
olig/o
scanty, few
44
py/o
pus
45
a-
absence of, without
46
dys-
painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
47
endo-
within
48
peri-
surrounding (outer)
49
-al
pertaining to
50
-algia
pain
51
-cele
hernia, protrusion
52
-cleisis
surgical closure
53
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
54
-gram
the record, radiographic image
55
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic imaging
56
-ic
pertaining to
57
-itis
inflammation
58
-logist
one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
59
-logy
study of
60
-osis
abnormal condition
61
-pexy
surgical fixation
62
-plasty
surgical repair
63
-rrhagia
excessive bleeding
64
-rrhaphy
suturing, repairing
65
-rrhea
flow, discharge
66
-salpinx
fallopian tube (uterine tube)
67
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
68
-scopic
pertaining to visual examination
69
-scopy
visual examination
70
-tomy
cut into, incision
71
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual flow
72
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
73
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
74
endometriosis
abnormal condition of the endometrium
endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvis cavity including ovaries, fallopian tubes, intestines, and uterus
75
endometritis
inflammation of the endometrium
76
hematosalpinx
blood in the fallopian tube
77
hydrosalpinx
water in the fallopian tube
clear, watery fluid collects in the tube and cause blockage
78
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
79
menometrorrhagia
excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation and in between menstrual cycles
heavy and irregular bleeding
80
menorrhagia
excessive bleeding at menstruation (regular, cyclic pattern)
81
metrorrhagia
excessive bleeding from the uterus
irregular, out-of-cycle bleeding ranging from heavy to light, including spotting
82
myometritis
inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)
83
oligomenorrhea
scanty menstrual flow (infrequent menstrual flow)
84
oophoritis
inflammation of the ovary
85
perimetritis
inflammation surrounding the uterus (perimetrium)
86
pyosalpinx
pus in the fallopian tube
87
salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tube
88
salpingocele
hernia of the fallopian tube
89
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
90
vaginosis
abnormal condition of the vagina (caused by bacterial imbalance)
AKA bacterial vaginosis
91
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
92
abnormal uterine bleeding
irregular bleeding in absence of pregnancy
types: menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia
93
adenomyosis
growth of the endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus
94
Bartholin cyst
blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina which causes a tender, swollen lump on the affected side which may become infected (Bartholin abscess)
95
breast cancer
malignant tumor of the breast
96
cervical cancer
malignant tumor of the cervix which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma
cause linked to HPV
97
endometrial cancer
malignant tumor of the endometrium
AKA uterine cancer
98
fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)
thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts, thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes
AKA fibrocystic breasts
99
ovarian cancer
malignant tumor of the ovary
100
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation of some or all the female pelvic organs
can be caused by many pathogens
if left untreated, infection may spread upwards and may result in infertility (acute cases fatal speticemia)
101
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
condition characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts
symptoms - irregular menstruation, acne, excess facial and body hair, infertility
increased risk of CV disease, obesity, glucose intolerance
102
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruation
symptoms - nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, headache
103
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia followed by hypotension and in severe shock/death
caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
104
uterine fibroid
benign tumor of the uterine muscle
AKA myoma of the uterus, leiomyoma
105
uterovaginal prolapse
dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles
uterus moves downward into and sometimes is visible outside the vagina
106
vaginal fistula
abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ, such as the urinary bladder, colon, rectum
107
colpocleisis
surgical closure of the vagina
108
colpoperineorrhaphy
suturing of the vagina and perineum (mend perineal vaginal tears)
109
colpoplasty
surgical repair of the vagina
110
colporrhaphy
suturing of the vagina (wall of the vagina)
111
episiorrhaphy
suturing of (a tear in) the vulva
112
hymenotomy
incision into the hymen
113
hysterectomy
excision of the uterus
114
hysteropexy
surgical fixation of the uterus
115
mammoplasty
surgical repair of the breast
116
mastectomy
excision of the breast
117
mastopexy
surgical fixation of the breast (lift sagging breast tissue or create symmetry)
118
oophorectomy
excision of the ovary
119
perineorrhaphy
suturing of (a tear in) the perineum
120
salpingectomy
excision of the fallopian tube
121
salpino-oophorectomy
excision of the fallopian tube and ovary
122
salpingostomy
creation of an artificial opening in the fallopian tube (to restore patency)
123
trachelectomy
excision of the cervix (cervicectomy)
124
vulvectomy
excision of the vulva
125
anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)
surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and retrocele
126
conization
surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix
used in treatment for non-invasive cervical cancer
types: LEEP, cryosurgery, laser ablation
AKA cone biopsy
127
dilation and curettage (D&C)
surgical procedure to widen the cervix and remove contents from the uterus using a curette
can be performed diagnostically or therapeutic
128
endometrial ablation
procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy
treats abnormal uterine bleeding
129
myomectomy
excision of a uterine fibroid (myoma)
130
tubal ligation
surgical closure of the fallopian tubes for sterilization
tubes may be cut and tied (ligated), cut and cauterized, or closed off with a clip/clamp/ring/band
AKA tubal sterilization, female surgical sterilization
131
uterine artery embolization (UAE)
placement of metal coils or small gelatin beads into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop severe hemorrhage after childbirth
performed by IR
AKA uterine fibroid embolization
132
hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
radiographic image of the uterus and fallopian tubes (after injection of contrast)
133
mammogram
radiographic image of the breast
134
mammography
radiographic imaging of the breast
135
sonohysterography (SHG)
process of recording the uterus by use of sound
used to diagnose abnormalities inside the uterus including polyps, fibroids, adhesions
AKA hysterosonography
136
colposcope
instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix)
137
colposcopy
visual examination (with magnified view) of the vagina (and cervix)
138
hysteroscope
instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)
139
hysteroscopy
visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)
140
pelviscopic
pertaining to visual examination of the pelvic cavity (female reproductive organs)
141
pelviscopy
visual examination of the pelvic cavity (female reproductive organs)
AKA gynecologic laparoscopy
142
sentinel lymph node biopsy
injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes (first in axillary chain most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer)
nodes are removed and microscopically examined
143
stereotactic breast biopsy
technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from breast lesion
144
transvaginal sonography (TVS)
US procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures
used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, monitor pregnancy, evaluate ovulation for treatment of infertility
145
CA-125 Test
blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is complete
146
HPV Test
cytology study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect high-risk forms of HPV that can cause abnormal cervical cells and cervical cancer
used for cervical cancer screening
147
Pap Test
cytology study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal, cancerous cells
used for cervical cancer screening
AKA Papanicolaou test
148
leukorrhea
white discharge (from the vagina)
149
mastalgia
pain in the breast
150
gynecologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of women (female reproductive system)
151
gynecology (GYN)
study of women (branch of medicine dealing with health and diseases of the female reproductive system)
152
endocervical
pertaining to within the cervix
153
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
154
vaginal
pertaining to the vagina
155
vesicovaginal
pertaining to the (urinary) bladder and the vagina
156
vulvovaginal
pertaining to the vulva and vagina
157
anovulation
failure of the ovary to release an egg
158
dyspareunia
difficult or painful intercourse
159
fistula
abnormal passageway between 2 organs between an internal organ and body surface
160
oligoovulation
infrequent release of an egg
161
contraception
intentional prevention of conception
AKA birth control
162
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
replacement of hormones, estrogen and progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause
163
speculum
instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection
164
menarche
beginning of menstruation (specifically, onset of the first menstrual period)
165
menopause
cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48-53 y/o
may be induced at an earlier age surgically (bilateral oophorectomy) or medially (side effect of chemotherapy)
166
AUB
abnormal uterine bleeding
167
fcc
fibrocytic breast changes
168
PCOS
polycystic ovary syndrome
169
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
170
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
171
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
172
HSG
hysterosalpingogram
173
SHG
sonohysterography
174
TVS
transvaginal sonography
175
A&P Repair
anterior and posterior colporrhaphy
176
BC
birth control
177
D&C
dilation and curettage
178
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
179
IUD
intrauterine device
180
IUS
intrauterine system
181
LAVH
laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
182
TAH/BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-opherectomy
183
TLH
total laparoscopic hysterectomy
184
UAE
uterine artery embolization
185
VH
vaginal hysterectomy
186
GYN
gynecology
187
Cx
cervix
