PMP Flashcards
(637 cards)
1
Q
What is a project
A
A temporary endeavour with a clear beginning and end that produces a unique product, service, or result
2
Q
Can a project be part of a program?
A
Yes, a project can be part of a program but a program does not have to be part of a project
3
Q
What is project management?
A
Using your skills, tools, knowledge, and techniques to complete requirements of a project
4
Q
What is program management
A
A group of interrelated projects that benefits from being management together rather than individually. A program manager reviews whole project, but a project manager is assigned to each project
5
Q
What is a portfolio
A
A group of project, programs, sub portoflios, and operations that are manages together to meet the overall objectives of a orgranization
6
Q
What are operations
A
Ongoing tasks that focus on the acquisition, development, of resources that are need to deliver goods and services
7
Q
What questions do you ask related to the value of projects
A
Why should we do this project
8
Q
What do projects enable?
A
They enable change, moving from the present state to the desired state
9
Q
What is another word for Phase Gate?
A
Phase Review
10
Q
What is a Phase Gate?
A
Reviewing the phase to determine if they should move on to the next phase
11
Q
What is a kick off meeting
A
Meeting done at the end of planning to kick off the project. Can also be at the start of the next phase
12
Q
What is a phase
A
A collection of related ACTIVITIES that make a deliverable
13
Q
What does the number of phases depend on?
A
The complexity, size, and industry of a project
14
Q
What is a deliverable?
A
A unique product, service, or result. Must be accepted by the customer. Can be tangible or intangible
15
Q
Who develops phases?
A
PM
16
Q
Draw phases
A
-
17
Q
Draw a program
A
-
18
Q
What is a project lifecycle
A
Beginning to end of the PHASES, in a CHART representation
19
Q
Draw a portfolio
A
-
20
Q
What are the types of life cycles?
A
Traditional, adaptive, hybrid
21
Q
What is project governance
A
A FRAMEWORK within a project that sets the RULES and steps for DECISIONS
22
Q
What are 3 pillars of governance
A
People, information, structure
23
Q
What are stakeholders
A
Individuals, groups or organizations that a may affect or be affected by the project (positively or negatively)
24
Q
Who provides resources or funding
A
Project sponser or customer
25
Who is the project owner
Someone who sees the project vision and manages the backlog
26
What is a functional manager
A manager of a department that has control over resources
27
What skills does the PM have
Initiator, negotiator, listener, coach, working member, facilitator
28
What is a milestone
A significant event or achievement that marks a key point or complaetionnthat has 0 duration
29
What are the levels of project roles
PM, Project coordinator, project expeditor
30
What is a PMO
Project management office
31
What is a project management office
A structure that standardizes processes and facilitates that share of resources, tools, and techniques
32
What are the types of PMOs
Supportive, controlling (method and framework) and directive
33
Who are often the project bosses?
PM and sponser
34
What are the organizational structure
Function organization, Matrix organization, Project oriented organization, hybrid
35
What is another word for project oriented organization
projectized
36
What are the levels of a matrix organization
weak, balanced, strong
37
What are project constraints
cost, schedule, scope, quality, and resources
38
Another word for adaptive
Agile
39
Another word for traditional
waterfall or predictive
40
What is a product manager
Manages product, knows the market, oversee product life cycle
41
What is a risk
A POTENTIAL(perceived, uncertain) event that might happen in the FUTURE
42
What is a issue
A problem or issue that is negative and has already happened
43
What is an assumption
Statement or believe considered to be true for the sake of decition making and planning
44
What is the document for ethics PMI
PMI code of ethics and professional conduct
45
What is the PMI code of ethics and professional conduct?
Reflects morals and expectations
46
What is PMIs 4 values
responsibilty, respect, fairness and honesty
47
What does stewardship include
internal and external responsibilites, care, compatibility, integraty, trustworthiness
48
PM Performance domain:
Work in unison and integrated system for effective delivery
49
stakeholder engagement domain: stages of dealing with stakeholders
identify stakeholders, understand their needs, know their wants, prioitize requests, engage, monitor requests and maker sure they are filled
50
What is happening if the stakeholder is constantly making change requests
the plan and their vision dont align
51
Where do you find the risks assigned to each stakeholder?
Risk register
52
Team performance domain includes
shared ownerships, high performance, appropiate leadership
53
Types of leadership
Centralized and deceminated
54
What does the servant leadership do
Empowers team, remove obstacles, knows the needs of the team
55
What is shared ownership
the team knows the VISION and OBJECTIVE
56
What is delivery cadence
when you plan the FREQUENCY and TIME of a deliverable release
57
What does a high performing team entail
resilant and adaptable, empowered,and collaborative/trusts each other
58
What is a KPI
key performance indicator
59
What are the types of KPIs
leading indicator and lagging indicator
60
what does SMART stand for
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely
61
What is hawthorne effect
people work differently/hard when they are watched, difficult to replicate the times that have recorded
62
What is a vanity metric
A stat that makes them look good without futher context
63
What is being domaralized
When a team is demoralized they cant meet a metric
64
Misusing metric
untruthful
65
How do you handle uncertainty
gather info, be prepared for multiple outcomes, be resilient
66
What is an ITTO
Input, tools and texhniques, outcome
67
What is a process
ITTOs
68
What is a input
raw materials
69
what are tools and techniques
the ACTIONS to change the raw materials to outputs
70
what are outputs
end results
71
What are the process groups
intiating, planning, executing, monitor and controlling, close
72
When do you do monitor and controlling
throughout all process groups
73
Draw the process groups
-
74
How many ittos are there
660+
75
How many processes are there
49
76
What are common inputs
EEF, OPA
77
What does EEF stand for
Enterprise Environmental Factor
78
What does OPA stand for
organization process asset
79
What is an eef
anything that isnt a doc, related to culture, internal and external
80
What is opa
document, template, lessons learned that can be stored in a centralized repository
81
What are project docs
Documents that are used throughout the processes but are not part of the project management placess
82
How many components are there of a PMP
18
83
How many baselines are there of a PMP
4
84
How many plans are part of a PMP
14
85
What is SME
subject matter expert
86
What is a subject matter expert
someone with specialized knowledge
87
What is data representation
data being shown in charts and graphs for decision making
88
How to make decisions
voting, autocratic, multicriteria decision analysis with a matrix
89
What does PMIS stand for
project management information system
90
What is a PMIS
an automated system for tracking, it includes hardware and softwares, it include a configuration management systems, and work authorization systems
91
What is work performance data
raw data, shared the status of a deliverable before the analysis
92
What is work performance information
taking data and comparing it to baseline to give status of deliverable
93
what is a work performance report
overall status report
94
What do you do with gifts and donations
do not accept unless customary to that country
95
Who do you tell about conflicts of interest
Higher management
96
What if company B is asking about information from company A
you need to get permission to release it
97
who do you report any issues against PMI
To PMI
98
What was agile orginally built for?
software
99
What is agile an umbrella term for?
Iterative projects
100
What is the most used agile method
scrum
101
What are the agile methods
scrum, kanban, xp, lean
102
what does xp stand for
extreme programming
103
what is the acronym for extreme programming
xp
104
when do you plan in an agile project
throughout
105
when do you pay for an agile project
throughout, incrementally
106
when do you receive value in an agile project
through, but most value in the beginning
107
What are agiles values called
agile declaration on interdependance
108
What do they encourage with testing in agile
fail fast and early and often
109
What is the inverted triangle
that traditional cant adjust scope and agile cant adjust time and money
110
What are the agile manifesto
the values of agile
111
List the agile manifesto
Individuals and interactions over process and tools, working software over documents, customer collaboration over, contact negotiation, change over plan
112
What is the shared definition of done
When the CUSTOMER and TEAM have a shared definition of done. We need this because the scope is always changing. Need to decide when to be done,
113
In agile, how do you satisfy the customer
The early and continuous delivery of deliverables
114
In agile, what do you build projects around?
Motivated people
115
What is the best way to converse in agile?
face to face, low tech high touch
116
In agile, what is the primary measure of success
working software (likely accepting deliverable as well)
117
What is promoting sustainable development/
you want there to be consistent qualtiy deveopment per sprint, you want to give them a realastic work load
118
how many agile manifesto values are there
4
119
Does agile like complex or simple things
simple
120
What are the core concepts of a agile team
self organizing and self directing
121
How man agile principals are there
12
122
Who is the product owner
represents the customer, works the backlog to prioritize to represent the vision, determines acceptance criteria, attends planning, review and retro spective meetings, determines release date
123
Who manages a agile project
Agile PM or Scrum Master
124
What is a product backlog
a list of requirements requested by stakeholders
125
What is a sprint planning meeting
a meeting with the TEAM to plan what working on in the next sprint
126
What is a sprint backlog
a list of requirements you will be working on in the next sprint
127
how long is an agile sprint
1-4 weeks
128
how long should a daily standup meeting be
15 min
129
what is a sprint review meeting
a meeting with the customer where you inspect what was done during the sprint
130
what is retrospective meeting
a meeting with the TEAM to talk about what went wrong, what went right, and lessons learned
131
WHat is a partially completed product
a partially completed product is given to customers to demo and give feedback
132
What is a release in the agile process
it takes multiple iterations to get a release, it determines if the product is shippable
133
What is the term for determine how much work someone can do in a sprint
team velocity
134
Can a customer add more requirements during the sprint review meeting
yes
135
Can a customer add more requirements during a sprint
no
136
What is a agile project considered done
When a project runs ou of time and/or money
137
How many iterations on average does it take for a product to be shippable
3
138
What questions are asked during a daily stand up meeting
What did you do yesterday, what will you do today, are there any blockers?
139
what is the most popular agile framework
scrum
140
what are the 3 pillars of scrum
transparency, adaptability, inspection
141
who decides the acceptance criteria in a agile project
product owner
142
who decides when a product is released in agile
product owner
143
who prioitizes the backlog in agile
product owner
144
who gives the requirements for a agile project
product owner
145
what meetings does the product owner attend
gather requirements/planning, sprint review, retrospective
146
what does a scrum master do
protects the team from external interruption and enhances productivity, assisting the product ownerq
147
what are the characteristics of a daily standup meeting
15 mins, same time and place, 3 questions
148
how long is a sprint review meeting
1 hr
149
how long is a retrospective meeting
2 hr
150
what should you ask about during a spring retospective meeting
what went well, what went bad, what should we do more of, what should we do less of
151
What are scrum artifiacts
spring backlog, product backlog, deliverable
152
What is grooming the backlogq
reviewing and repriotitizing the backlog, especificall if things are added, removed, or complete
153
who defines the definition of done
probably product owner, but the product owner and team def need to agree oni t
154
who determines what is on the sprint backlog
team
155
What needs to be highly visible on a agile project
sprint backlog (information radiators)
156
what does DOD stand for
definition of done
157
When should the definition of done be defined
beginning of project
158
What is an example of the definition of done
passes X test, meets X benchmark
159
what is XP
extreme programming
160
what is the acronyms for extreme programming
XP
161
what does extreme programming focus on
software
162
what are the core values of XP
simplicity, communication, feedback, courage, respect
163
who is responsible on a scrum project
the whole team
164
what are the frameworks of agile
scrum, xp, lean, kanban
165
what framework has a coach and customer in agile
xp
166
what famwork has a program and testers
xp
167
what is another work for product owner
customer (not sure how true this is based on the exam mock)
168
what is another word for coach
scrum master
169
what is another word for scrum master
coach
170
what do testers do on an agile project
works with customer to define what test needs to be done to say the project is done
171
what is release planning
the plan to push product all the way to production
172
what is iteration planning
a sprint plan
173
how long is a iteration
1-2 weeks in xp
174
what is another word for sprint
iteration is xp
175
what agile frame is release planning and iteration planning part of
xp
176
what agile framework uses small releases
xp
177
what is a small release
xp usues small release to release small components of a project. the customer can use it and also give feedback to improve quality, it can also be released to a testing environment
178
what are customer tests in agile
tests that the customer decides will show the software is working
179
what is collective code ownership
when multiple people own and work on the code. this increases the chance of catching errors and improve quality
180
what are code standards
what there is a standed to coding to look like one person is working on it
181
what is it called to have coding written in a way that it looks like one person wrote it
code standards
182
what is it called to have multiple people working and owning a code
code ownership
183
what are metaphors used for in agile
programmers used them for lay people to understand
184
what is continuous integration
continuously bringing your whole code together to make sure it works
185
what is it called to continuously bringing your whole code together to make sure it works
code integration
186
what is tdd
test drive development
187
what is it called to making a test prior to developing a product
test driven development
188
what is test drive development
making a test prior to developing a product
189
what is pair programming
is code written by 2 people as a pair
190
code should always be...
simple
191
what can a simple design code do
be testable, understandable, browsable, explainable
192
what code should be testable, browsable, explainable, and understandable
simple design code
193
what is refactoring
in agile when you make a process in the plan to make sure the code is clean
194
what is the process called that makes sure the code is clean
refactoring
195
what is the XP word for scrum
iteration
196
what is the xp work for scrum master
coach
197
what is the xp word for retrospective
reflection
198
what is the xp word for release
small release
199
what is the xp word for sprint planning
planning game
200
what is the xp word for development team
team
201
what is the xp work for daily scrum
daily standup
202
what is the scrum word for daily standup
daily scrum
203
what is the scrum work for coach
scrum master
204
what is the scrum word for customer
product owner
205
what is the scrum work for reflection
retrospective
206
what is the scrum word for iteration
sprint
207
what is the scrum work for planning game
sprint pllanning
208
what is the scrum word for daily standup
daily scrum
209
who started lean
toyota
210
what are lean principles
eliminate waste,empower team, deliver quick, optimize whole, build quality, defer decisions, amplify learn
211
what are the seven wastes of lean
partially done work, extra processes, extra features, waiting, motion, defects, task switching
212
what is task switching
having one person on multiple projects, you want one person per project
213
what type of note does kanban use
sticky note
214
what system does kanban use
pull system and linear system
215
what does kanban mean
signboard
216
what are the columns of a kanban board
items, in progress, testing, done
217
when using kanban how many sticky notes can be in progress
6
218
when using kanban how many sticky notes can be in testing
4
219
what is kanban known for
limit work in progress
220
what does a linear system mean
that one person is working on one item, and when it is done it gets passes on to another person
221
what are kanban principles
visualize workflow, limit work in progress, manage flow, improve collaboration, make policies explict
222
what law is related to limit work in progress
little's laww
223
what is wip
work in progress
224
what is littles law
helps you understand how long it will take a task to complete once its already started/ in que by looking at the cycle time
225
what is the equation for littles law
cycle = unfinished work (units)/ finished work (time)
226
draw a picture of a littes law chart
-
227
should the ceo be a manager or leader
leader
228
what does a servant leadeship do
remove interruptions, remove imediment, share vision, know needs of team
229
what is modeled desired behaviour
a leadership tactic. show the behaviour you want to see from your team
230
what characteristic do you want to see out of your leader
honesty
231
when do you deliver value in agile
early and often, prioritize these features on th elog
232
what do you do if a feature is high risk in agil
put them as the first features
233
how do you satisfy customers in agile
know their needs, keep them engaged, and get them confident in the team
234
how do you maximize value
reduce waster
235
What is does ROI stand for
return on investment
236
What is an ROI
the return on investment is a PERCENTAGE that shows how much money you madce/benefits from the money invested (profit). ROI of 20% is that you got all the money you put in back plus a profit of 20%
237
What does IRR stand for
Internal Rate of Return
238
what is a IRR
an internal rate of return is an interest rate, the higher the interest rate, the more money you get back in the future, it also consideres the NPV
239
what is a NPV
a net present value is thinking abou the value of you money now and how much it will be worth in the future due to inflation
240
what does NPV stand for
net present value
241
when should you consider regulatory compliance
beginning of projectw
242
what is regulatory compliance
mandated requirements set by government
243
what can risk pose a threat to
value
244
what causes anti value
risks
245
how do you manage risks is agile
risk burndown chart, risk adjusted backlog,
246
what do customers prioritize risk on
value, risk, and dependeices
247
what priortization methods are used with customers to prioritize requirements
simple scheme,100 point method, monopoly, dot voting, MosCoW, Kano Anlysis
248
What is a simple scheme
a method used to prioritize things, list from 1,2,3
249
what is 100 point method
a method used to priotitize things based on giving points
250
what monoploy
a method used to prioritize features based on monopoly money
251
what is MosCow
a method used to prioritize features, Must have, should have, could have, would like to have
252
what is dot voting
a way to prioitize featuers by using dots
253
what is kano analysis
measures customers satisfaction with features: must be (basic features), performance, attractive (highest)
254
what is important to do before delivering a product
sending it to go get tested
255
what is another word for dot voting
multivoting
256
what is a cost of change
it is important to put a product under testing to catch bugs early on cause the longer it takes the more it costs
257
what is an MVP
minimum viable productw
258
what is a minimum viable product
giving part of the product out TO USE before it is fully done. example release one component from the full project
259
what does CFD stand for
cumulative flow diagram
260
what is a cumulative flow diagram
shows how work is progressing (looks like through the kanban phases) , it helps you identify a bottleneck if a phase is larger than another and work complete is low. The bottle neck occurs in the phase that is after the large oned
261
draw a cumulative flow diagram
-
262
what are the different types of agile contracts
money for nothing, change for free;graduated fixed price; fixed price work package
263
what domain is graduated fixed price, and fixed price work package from
agile
264
what is money for nothing, change for a free
a type of CONTRACT, where the product is done without completing all features listed so you get to keep the money for the rest of them and you can make changes to the list of features for free
265
what is graduated fixed price
a CONTRACT where the buyer and seller share the same risk. the hourly wage is dependent on if they finsih early, finish late, etc
266
what is a fixed price work package
takes away risk of over estimating because a price is assigned per feature
267
what is a gulf of evaluation
when the customer states what they want and the team understands it wrong
268
how would you confirm that you interpreted the customers vision correctly
feedback loops, agile modeling tool,data models, screen designs, wireframes, and persona
269
what do you do if someone doesnt know their role in agile
educate them about it
270
what do the team and customer need to have a shared vision of
definition of done
271
what is a agile modeling tool
a tool used to confirm the vision of the customer -often a user case diagram
271
what consists of a agile charter
5w, and 150 character
272
what is the project charter for agile
agile charter
273
what is user case diagram
a agile tool to confirm the customers vision, visually show how and when someone would use the app
274
draw a user case diagram
-
275
what is a data model
a agile tool used to show to the customers vision, it is when data is put into tables and then with a line shows their relationship
276
what is a screen design
draw the screen shots
277
what is a wireframe
used to confirm a customers vision.. is a quick and low fiedlity protoyype of the customers vision
278
what is a persona
used to confirm a customers vision. it is a description of the protentional user, says their name, a description of who they are, and what value or goal they are wanting (what feature they want)
279
draw a persona
-
280
what are some examples of knoweldge sharing tools with the team
whiteboard, wireframe, kanban
281
how do you categorize stakeholders in agile
red zone, green zone
282
what is a workshop
a meeting where you get work done
283
what is an example of a workshop meeting
retrospective,
284
how do you have more effective workshops
diverse group of people, round robin, everyone participates in first few mins
285
what meeting do you have to engage stakeholders to write a user story
userstory workshop
286
what are brainstorming methods
free for all, round robin, quiet writing
287
what a collaboration games used in agile
remember the future, pruning the product tree, and speedboat (sailboat)
288
What is speedboard
a collaborative game where you draw waves boat, sail, and anchor. u put sticky notes on the sail for activities you think would help the project and sticknotes on the anchor that would hinder the project. This helps identiy threats and opportunities
289
what is prune the product tree
a collaborative game where you draw a tree, with roots at the bottom. you give out sticky notes and put them on the tree. featyres that are higher depend on other freatures. this helps you prioritiz and order features
290
what is remember the future
a collaborative game that asks that asks the stakeholder to envision a successful project and say what it looks like and what the steps were required to get there. help understand the customers definition of success
291
what are the steps of active listening
1 (internal): how will it effect me, 2 (focus): put self in shoes; 3 (gloabal): body laduage
292
what does a facilitator need to know
meeting rules, meeting goals, timing, assissting others
293
what are levels of conflict
1. problem to solve, 2. disagreement (i dont like how u are doing it i like how im doing it), 3. contest (must win competition), 4. crusade (protect my group i dont care about your group), 5. (world war) must destroy other person and need to be removed
294
what methods are used for making decisions
voting, thumbs up down sideways, fist of five (1 total support)
295
what are characteristics of teams in agile?
self directing and self organixing
296
what does cocomo stand for
constructive cost model
297
what is cocomo used for
yo determine cost of variables, shows thar people have the highest score of 33
298
what is the pm role in relation to the team in agile
one of the team members rather than lead
299
what are the skill improvement models
shu=ha-ri, and dreyfus mode3l developmENT
300
WHAT IS SHU HA RI
a skill deveopment model: shu=obey, ha=move away, ri=individual path
301
what is the dreyfus model
a skill development model: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert
302
what is tuckmans 5 stages of team development
form, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
303
what type of leadship do you used with tuckmans stages
forming = directing, storming = coaching, norming = supportive, performing =delegating
304
what is osmotic communication
allows information flow, can hear peoples daily convos, 33ft/10 meters away from each other
305
what is it called to allows information flow, can hear peoples daily convos, 33ft/10 meters away from each other
osmotic communication
306
what is tacit knowledge
know that you learn over time through experience
307
what is know that you learn over time through experience
tacit knowledge
308
how do you manage risk on a project
risk adjusted backlog, risk burn down chart
309
what can you use to track team performance in agile
burn up, burn down, and velocity charts
310
what is a burn up chart
shows how much work is completed
311
what do you use in agile to track project progress
burn up, burn down chart
312
what is a burn down chart
shows how much work is left to do
313
what is a velocity chart
shows how much work can get done in an iteration
314
what is veloctiy
how much work can get done, or points that can get done, in an iteration
315
how can you use a velocity chart to calculate velocity
look at how many points were complete per iteration, calculate average
316
what do trial and demonstration show
true requirements
317
what can you do to see what the customer values
design product box
318
what are coarse grain requiements
important to keep requirements rough in the beginning as delayed decisions help you make the right decision
319
what is time boxing
fixed time period
320
what if a tasks doesnt get completed in the set time box
create another time box
321
how long is a stand up meeting in agile
15 mins
322
what is emv
estimated monetary value of how much a risk will be
323
what is evm
earned value management
324
what does an estimate look like
it is in ranges
325
who does the estimates in agile
team
326
what is an ideal time
the time it takes to complete a task without any interruptions or problems
327
what is the activitiy decomposition in agile
epic, features, stories, ttasks
328
what are user stories
requirements on the backlog, acts as an agreement with the team and customer to often build a feature that takes 1-3 days/40 hours
329
what is an example of a user story
as a USER TYPE, i want FEATURE, so that I can VALUE
330
what are the 3 Cs of stories
card, conversation, confirm
331
what do effective user stories follow
INVEST: independent, negotiable, valuable, estimatable, small, testable
332
what requirements get put to the top of a backlog
high value, and sometimes high risk
333
what estimates are used in agile
fibonacci sequence, wideband delphi, tshirt sizing, planning poker, affinity estimating
334
what is fibonacci sequence
1,2,3,5. These are points you are giving features. must have an explanation of why gave that point
335
what is affinity estimating
when you group features by same points
336
what is tshirt sizing estimates
when you lay down differnt tshirt sizes and you place features in the sizes based on importance
337
what is wideband delphi
anonymous way to make estimates with experts. wideband delphi helps you avoid HIPPO, bandwagon effect, group think
338
what is bandwagon effect
when group jumps on bandwagon of the loudest person in the room
339
what is a HIPPO
highest person paid opinion -- people follow this person
340
what is group think
whne people want to avoid conflict they agree with the majority
341
what is planning poker
everyone is given cards with point and they anonymously hand them in to assign points. majority wins, if there is no majority, highest point wins
342
what are user story maps
serves as a product road map for user stories planning...shows releases. themes, epics, release 1, release 2
343
what are product road maps
categorize items by team
344
what are the type of iterations
iteration 0 (getting familiar with tasks), development iteration (4), iteration H (clean up docs_
345
what are spikes
a few hours of work to do before the iteration is done
346
what types of spike are there
artichtectual spike (proof of concept), risk based spike
347
what is a architectural spike
proof of concept, confirming that a software workd before using it
348
what is a risk based spike
confirming that your backup plan will work
349
what do you do during an iteration planning meeting in agile
plan what features youl work on, define acceptance criteria, breakdown tasks and estimates
350
what do you do during release planning
use velocity to determine what iteration should start working on certain features to meet release date
351
what is slicing the stories
when user stories are too big for 1 iteration, it will be sliced into multiple iterations
352
what is technical debt
when you code too quickly and the coding has too many mistakes
353
what is refactoring
when you add a process into you plan to check for mistakes in coding
354
what is it called when you add a process into you plan to check for mistakes in coding
refactoring
355
what is it called when you code too quickly and the coding has too many mistakes
technical debt
356
what is lead time
this is different than "lead" , this is how long it takes to go through the ENTIRE process
357
what is cycle time
part of lead time, how long it takes to go through PART of the process
358
how do you calculate cycle time
cycle = WIP/ throughput (amount of work that can be done in a time period)
359
what are escaped defect
defects that get into the hand of the customer
360
what is it called when defects that get into the hand of the customer
escaped defect
361
what is a leading metric
same as leading indicator, when it provides info o future events
362
what is a lagging metric
same as lagging indicator, when it provides info on something that already happened
363
what are control limites
a range of limited that helps you identify when you are out of control
364
how do you calculate expected monetary value
probability x impact
365
what is risk severity
how mcuh impact the risk has
366
what does a risk burndown chart show
the severity of a risk over time
367
draw example of a risk burndown chart
-
368
what term is used to describe continuous improvement
kaizen
369
what is PDCA
is a cycle of kaizen, to improve. Plan, do, check, act (if it doesnt work)
370
what is the agile version of PDCA
plan, develop, evaluate, learn
371
what is process tailoring
to tailor a process to a project if it fits
372
what is a value stream map
related to lean, when you try to make processes more efficient by improving the flow of work. you do this by wanting to improve a process, create a value stream map with the times, fk d waste time, create a new map with desired changes, create a ROADMAP to how you will get those changes, revisit
373
what is a premorton
a meeting to discuss things that could cause failures before they take place and what can be done--this is with a team
374
what is it called when a meeting to discuss things that could cause failures before they take place and what can be done--this is with a team
premortom
375
how long is a retrospective meeting
2 hours
376
what are the stages of a retrospective meeting
set the stage (what are we doing), gather data about what happened, generate insight about why, decide what to do, close retrospective
377
how long does each stage take in the retrospecive meeting
set the stage (6 min), gather data (40 min), generate insights (25 min), decide what to do(20 min), close retrospective (20 min)
378
what are the acitivities of the set the stage step in the retrospective meeting
check in, focus on/off, ESVP (explorer, shopper, vacationer, prisioner)
379
what are the activities of the gathering data step in the retrospective meeting
create timeline; mad, sad, glad; triple nickle (in a group of 5, write on 5 index cards, for 5 mins about 5 issues)
380
what are the activities of the decide what to do step in the retrospective meetin
SMART GOAL, Short subjects
380
what are the activities of the generate insight step in the retrospective meetin
5 whys, brainstorms, fishbone analysis, prioirtizr doys
381
what are short subjects
part of the decide what to do activitiy in the retro specifive meeting where you say: start doing, stop doing, do more of, do less of
382
what does a smart goal stand for
specific, measureable, attainable, relevant and timely
383
what are the activities of the close retrospecitive in the retrospective meetings
PLUS/DELTA (do more of, do less of)
384
what do you do a self assessment in agile
before the next iteration
385
what are the traditional phases
initiation, planning, execution, monitor and controlling, close
386
what is a project charter
a document that initiates and authorizes the project or phase, and gives authority to the PM to use resources. it states everything about the project high level
387
what are the inputs of a project charter
business docs (business case, benefit management plan), and agreement
388
what is the output of a project charter
project charter and assumption log
389
what is a business case
a doc that states why a project is worth it, a statement of why you are doing a project EX we need to do X to meet government guidelines
390
what is a project benefit mangement plan
a document that states the benefit of doing a project and what it will produce once completed, states more information
391
how do you figure out the benefit of a project
cost benefit analysis
392
what are the agreements listed in the project charter
SLA, LOI, external
393
what is an assumption log
a LIST of things that you PERCEIVE to be true, AND things that might CONSTRAIN the project
394
what do you look at then something goes wrong
risk register or assumption log
395
what are the data representation tools of identify stakeholders
power interst grid, saliance model, stkaeholder cube, directions of influence, priortization,
396
what are the data anlysis tools of identify stakeholders
stakeholder analysis
397
what are the tools of identify stakeholders
stakeholder analysis,power interst grid, saliance model, stakeholder cube, priortization,
398
what does a stakeholder analysis include
name, role, active or passive, effect (pos or neg), authority (pay for project)
399
what is another word for a power interest grid
power influence grid, impact influece
400
what is a stakeholder cube
it is a 3d cube to show power, influence and interest
401
what is a saliance model
a 3d cube, that shows power, urgency, legitamcy (involvement)
402
what are the directions of influence
upward, downward, sideways, outward
403
what are the outputs of idetifying stakeholders
stakeholder register
404
what is a stakeholder register
lists the name, role, contact information, communication requirements, power of influence*, and expectations (how often contacted) of a stakeholder
405
what document did you look at when you want to know the power of a stakeholder
stakeholder register
406
how many baselines are there in a project management plan
4 (scoprr, schedule, cost, performance)
407
how many subsidary plans are there in a project management paln
14
408
who sign the project management plan
senior management, sponsor
409
what is a management plan vs a baseline
a baseline tells you what it is and a plan tells you the steps for how to do it. EX cost baseline is 10,000
410
what does a scope management plan do
says how the scope will be defined, validated and controlled throughout, how WBS and scope statement will be maintained, how to manage change requests with scope
411
what is a product scope
stating the features and functions that chracterize a product, service, or result
412
what is a project scope
the work of a project and its deliverables
413
what is gold plating
doing EXTRA work not listed in the scope
414
what is scope creep
it is UNAUTHORIZED work ADDED to the scope
415
what is a requirement management plan
how the requirements will be analyzed, managed and documented, will state what needs to be gathered for the TRACEIBILITY matrix
416
what doc do you look at to understand WBS management
scope management plan
417
what doc do you look at to know what should be gathered for the traceability matrix
requirement management plan
418
what are the outputs of plan scope management
scope management plan, requirement management plan
419
what do you do during collecting requirements
gathering the needs of the people, this is important because it influences the rest of the components in the project
420
what is benchmarking
minimum performance, industry standard, what you compare to
421
how do you collect requirements
benchmark, analyze documents, policies, etc; mind mapping, affinty diagram, context diagram, prototype, job shadowing
422
draw a mind map
-
423
draw an affinity may
-
424
what is an affinty map used for
grouping items
425
what is a mind map used for
connecting flow of ideas
426
what is a conext diagram
shows how peoples, business, processes interact
427
draw a context diagram
-
428
what is the output of collect requirements
requirements doc, requirement tracebility matrix
429
what is a requirements doc
list of requirements, acceptance criteria, objectives, legal or ethical compliance, assumption or constraints, quality requirements
430
what doc do you look at to get the acceptance criteria in traditional
requirements doc, scope statement
431
What is a requirement traceibility matrix
requirement, who request it, description of a reuiqrment, status of requirement
432
in traditional, what document states the description of a reuiquirement
requirement traceibility matrix
433
in traditional, what document states the status of a reuiqrment
requirement traceibility matrix
434
what doc states the quality req
reuirement doc
435
what is a product analysis
tryiing to understand what exists and what people want by doing a product breakdown, system analysis, system requirements
436
what are the tools for traditional define scop
product analysis
437
what does a scope statement include
the works and deliverables, descriptoin, acceptance criteria, constraints, risk, exclusion
438
what are the tools for create WBS
expert judgement, decomp
439
what are the outputs for create WBS
scope baseline, WBS, WBS dictionary, scope statement, assumption log,
440
what states responsibilities in traditional
WBS and RACI, resource management plan
441
who creates the WBS
PM and team
442
are there overlaps in WBS
no
443
what is the order of hierarchy in WBS
project, control account, work package
444
what is a WBS Dictionary
who is assigned, description of the work package, ID estimates, milestone , quality requirement
445
what are the tools of define activities in traditional
decomposition, rolling wave planning
446
what is rolling wave planning
doing planning in sections, helps with progressive elaboration
447
where is activities in the hierarchy
though it isnt part of the WBS, activities is below work package
448
what is the output of define activities
activity list, activity attributes, milestone list
449
can acitivities map out to multiple work packages
no just one
450
what does a activity list include
activity, description, ID
451
what doc would you look at to read the description of an activity
activitiy list
452
what would the activity attributes include
additional info about acitivies like location
453
what does a precedence diagram do
helps with sequencing work packages together
454
relationship iin schedule sequence
finish to start, start to start, finish to finish, start to finishw
455
what are the dependencies in a sequence schedule
mandatory depednence (hard logic), soft logic (discretionary dpendence),externay dependency, internal dependency
456
what is lead time
overlap
457
what is lag time
over lap
458
what is the output of a sequence activity
schedule network diagram
459
what are the tools used for estimating duration
analogous, bottom up, parametric, reserves, , 3 point estimatew
460
what is a bottom up estimate
more accurate, breaks down everything into details and finds out the price
461
what are the 3 estimates in PERT
pesimistic, optimistic, mostlikely/realistic
462
what is another word for analogous
top downw
463
what is the c alculation for the 3 point estimate
(o+ p+ 4m)/6
464
what are the outputs or activity duration
activity duratiins, basis of estiamtes
465
what do basis docs do
state how you got to an estimate and their ranges
466
what does the standard of deviation calcuation do
give ranges
467
what is the standard of deviation calculation
(p-0)/3
468
what is the triange distribution equate
o+p+r/3
469
what are the tools of develop schedule
schedule netwtork analyisis, resource optiomization technique, schedule compression, leads and leags, what if
470
what is another word for what ifs
monte carlo
471
what do you do what if analysis for
identify risk
472
what do you want to do with the schedule during resource optimization
flatten the schedule through resource levelling
473
what are the two types of schedule compression
fast tracking and crashing
474
what is crashing
when you put in more resources to speed up schedule
475
what is fast tracking
where you have activities run parallel so you can speed up schedule. this is more risky
476
what is the output of calendars
project calednary (shifts), schedule data (data you used to calculate everything), schedule (milestone, gantt, bar), schedule baseline
477
what is a schedule baseline
a list of activiites with start and end dates
478
where do you find shifts
project calendar
479
what is a critical path
the longest amount of time it takes to go through the project
480
what is another work for float
total float and slack
481
what is float
the amount of time you can delay an ACTIVITY without delaying the schedule. activities on the critical path have no slack because its already maximum amount of time
482
what is free float
hold long you can delay an activity without delaying the next activity
483
does the critical path have slack time
no, no delays
484
what is value engineering or value analysis
makes something the cheapest way but good quality
485
what is a fixed cost
does not changed (rentals)
486
what is a variable cost
changes throughout the project (gas)
487
what are direct costs
costs that are directly billed to projectwh
488
what are indirect costs
costs that are no directly billed to the project because the resources are shared
489
what are sunk costs
money that has been spend on a project that cannot be recovered
490
what are the estimates/accuracy/confidence intervals
definitive, budget, rough order of magnitude
491
what is the most accurate esitmate
directive estimate
492
what is the range for directive estimate
-5 - +10
493
what is the range for a budget estimate
- 10 -+25
494
what is the range for a rough order of magenitude
- 25 - +75
495
what is the cost of quality
the more money you put into quality the better itll be: succesful projects have money gointo training, equipment, inspenction, failusre can be internal or external
496
what is a contingency reserve
money put towards a known/unknown risk
497
what is a management reserve
money put into unknown unknown risk
498
why does a historial information review
to get info about how to make a budgetw
499
what is a funding limitation reconcialiation
when you review your run rate of the prooject and if you spent too much money you may need to limit money in other areas of the project
500
what is the output of the cost estimate
cost baseline (s curve), budgget, project funding requirements
501
what output has a s curve
cost baseline
502
what does the cost baseline consist of
cost of all + contingency reserve
503
what does the budge consist of
cost baseline + management reserve
504
what is a trigger point
at what point do things start changing
505
how do you have effective quality
put money into it, build quality into culture, include it in the plan
506
what is the ultimate test of quality
customer satisfaction
507
what is qualtiy compared against
, the benchmark of other companies
508
what is conformance and non conformance
related to quality, conformance is preventative cost and appraisal cost. non conformance is internal and external failure costs
509
what data representation tools are used for quality paln
logical model matrix, mind mapping, flow chart
510
what are the tools for resource manaemen t plan
hierarchial, text oriented, matrix (RACI/RAM)
511
what is RACI
who is responsible for what, who is accountable (who to blame), who is consulted (who can get help from), who is informed
512
what does RAM stand for
responsibility assignment matrix
513
what was the output of resource management plan
resource management plan, team charter
514
what is on the team charter
rules, team, what we are working toward, how we are working together
515
what is process is PERT part of
estimate schedule and estimate cost (not estimate resources)
516
what are the outputs of estimate resource output
resource requirements, resources breakdown stucture, basis of estimates
517
what are the resource requirements
detailed types and numbers of resources for each activity
518
what are resources breakdown structure
hierarchially breaking down resources into categories
519
what are the tools of a communication plan
communication analysis (communication channels). communication technology, communication methods, communication model, cultural, political
520
what is a communication channel
types of communication needed between stakeholders
521
what is the equation for communication channel
n(n-1)/2
522
how do you select communication technology
ease of use, urgency, privacy
523
what is formal communication
1 way
524
what are the different types of communication methods
informal written, informal verbal, formal written, formal verbal, push, pull
525
what are the different types of communication models
sender, receiver, encoder, decorder, paralingual, non verbal, comms blockw
526
what is a paralingual
tone and inflection
527
what is stated in a comms plan
who contact, what comms, who should send, how often
528
what types of risks are there
pos,neg; overall (sum of individual), individual
529
who do you work with to create a risk management plan
everyone , inclduing PMO
530
what is acceptable risk
risk a company is willing to take on
531
what ae the tools of identify risk
prompt list, document analysis, assumprion and constraint analysis, root cause analysis, SWOT analysis
532
what is a prompt list
a lsit of predetermined risks
533
what is the difference between risk register and risk report
risk register is individual, risk report is overall
534
what is listed in a risk register
risk id, risk, cause, project area, response
535
what are the tools for qualitative analysis
probabiliyy impact analysis (ranks), probablity impact matric, bubble chart, risk data qualtiy
536
what is listed in a risk probability impact matrix
risk, probbaility, impact, score, rank (high med low)
537
how do you get score in proability impact matrix
probability + impact
538
what does a bubble chart do
show what should be proioritized based on size
539
what ae the tools of quantitiative risk analysis
tornado chart, decision tree
540
what is emv
expected monetary value
541
what does a tornado chart do
helps you identiy what part of the project getting impacted the most
542
what is a deicision tree
helps you determine how much money you will lost and make a deicision from there-- related to emv
543
how do you calculate emv
risk x probability
544
what are snesitivity analysis
tornado chart, decision tree
545
what are the positive risk responses
share, accept, escalate, enhance, exploit
546
what are the negative risk responses
transfer, accept, avoid, escalate, mitigate
547
what are contingent response strategies
strategies only used under certain circumstances
548
what is a fixed price contract
buy pays one flat price for materials and labour , use when scope is defined, risk is with the seller
549
what traiditional contract puts risk on seller
fixed contract
550
what contract do you use with scope if defined
fixed contractedwh
551
what are the types of fixed contracts
firm fixed priced, fixed price incentive free, fixed prived, economical price adjusted
552
what is a fixed priced incentive fee contract
fixed price but will pay more at end if you meet target like finish a week early (ths difference with graduated fixed price is that graudated will give you an hourly wage rather than a lump sump
553
what is a fixed price economial adjusted
fixed but reviewed every year if fpr inflation
554
what contract do you use if scope is unclear
cost reimbursable
555
what are the types of cost resimburasable contracts
cost plus fixed fee, cost plus incentive fee, cost plus award fee
556
what is a cost plus fixed fee contract
pay for materials then a fixed fee for profit
557
what is a cost plus incentive fee
pays materials plus additional fee if meet incentive
558
what is cost plus award fee
pay materials plus award based on satisfaction
559
what is a time material contract
when pay for time and material, all risk is going on buy, only when scope is high level and dont know ho wmuch will need
560
what contract is risky for buyer
time material
561
what contract do use when scope is high level
cost mertial contract
562
what are the tools of procurement
make or buy analysis, market research, source selection analysis
563
what are the outputs of procurement management plan
procurement management plan, procurement statemenr of work, procurement strategy, bid doc, source selction criteria, independent estimate, make or buy decision
564
what doc would you use to select a vendore
procurement management plan
565
what is a independent estimate
used for procurement, third part analysis
566
what bid docs are there
proposal, request for information, invitation for bid, request for proposal, request for quote
567
what is the output if manage and direct work
deliverable, work performace data, issue log
568
what are the types of change requests
corrective, preventative, defect repair
569
what are the two types of knowledge
explicit and tacit
570
what is the difference between knowledge and information management
knowledge is sharing knowledge and information is storing docs
571
what is the output of manage project knowledge
lessons learned register
572
who manges lessons learn
PMO and PM
573
what is manage quality sometimes called
quality assurance
574
what are the tools of maange quality
affinity diagram, matrix, cause and effect, fishbone, histrogram, scatter plot
575
what is another work for fish bone diagram
ishikawa
576
WHAT DOES ishikawa show you
cause and effect for a defect, (the lines are defect)
577
what is another word for histogram
pareto
578
what does a histogram show you
the frquenxy of a defect
579
what is the 80,20 rule
with pareto diagram, says 80% of things are usually casue by 20% of things
580
what is design for X
design it with a particiualte feature or goal in minds
581
what doc do you review to get recommendations for improving quality
quality management plan and quality report
582
what are the tools of resource acquire
multidecision criteria analisys, negotiatie, preassign, virtual team
583
what are resource calendars
calednar for shift
584
what are the outputs for pacquire resources
physical resource assignment, project team asignment and resource calenday
585
what are the tools for develop team
colocation, virtual team, training. interpaersonal skills, comms, trch, individual team assessment, recognizition and awards
586
what is maslows hierarchy
physical, safety, social, esteem (respect), self actualization
587
what are motivation theories
theory z, mcgragor x and y, herzberg, expectancy, mccelland theory of needs
588
what is theory z
A
in japan, want to create loyalist , think wholistacally of employee
589
mcgregor theory x and y
x bad, y good
590
what is herberg theory of motivation
hygiene agents if removed will demotivte, motivating agents
591
what is mcceland needs theory
achievement, power, affiliation
592
what are forms of power
legit, expert, kindness, punishement ,reward
593
what is the output of develop team
team performance assessment (shows if team needs training, motivation), reduces staff turnover
594
what is the oscar model
a model to use for coaching and motive people: outcome, situation, choices, actions, review
595
what is the dexter sibbet model
used when devleoping a project: have meeting to answer why (kick off), who (trust build) , what (goal clarification), how (commitment), implemetation, high performance, renewal
596
what process has to deal with conflict management
manage team
597
what is th best conflict resolution
confronting, problem sovling
598
what are the different types of conflict resolution answers
problem solving (conforton), forcing, withdraw, smoothing, compromising
599
how do you deal with a problem
identify, analyze, look for solutions, implement, review soution, confirm solved
600
what is student syndrome
prograstinations
601
what is parkinsons law
drag out
602
what is sand bagging
when you under promise over achieve
603
wha is dropped baton
when first part finishes early but second part isnt ready
604
what does MBTI stand for
myers briggs type indicator
605
what is the way the remember MBTI
EIghty-SeveN Tax-Free Japanese Products
606
what is the list of MBTI
extrovert vs introvert, thinking vs feeling, sensing vs intutiont, judging vs perceiving
607
what process is project reporting in
manage comms
608
what are the tools of conduct procurement
bidder conference, anlsysis, negortiatione, advertise
609
what are the outputs of conduct procurement
select seller and agreement
610
what is the only process that has work performance repost in the process
monitor and control project work
611
what process do change requests go through
PICC process
612
who reviews change requests
change control board or sponsor
613
what do you do after getting a response for a change request
communicate it
614
what are the tools for PECC
change control tools
615
what are output of PECC
approved change request, project doc updates
616
what process formalizes the acceptance of the deliverable
validate scope
617
what is tecnically the process after control quality
validate scope
618
what happens during validate scopr
inspect, accept deliverable, chane request
619
what are the tools for control scope
variance analysis, trend analysis,
620
what is a common output for monitor and control
work performance info
621
what are tools for control schedule
performance review (actual start and finish),
622
what is the output for control schedule
schedule forecase
623
what is a schedule forecast
based on previous performance what is future performance
624
what are the tools for control cost
trend,variance, evm, resereve, to complete performance index
625
what are the outputs fo control cost
cost forecast
626
what process verifies the deliverable
control quality
627
what docs are used to audit
checklist, check sheet, inspect, samplingwha
628
what is a control chart
used to identify defect in control quality, you want to stay within rule of 7
629
draw control chart
-
630
what is the rule of seven
related to a control chart, if 7 dots are below the dotted line (mean) then there is a defect
631
what process is only for physical resources not HR
control resources
632
if a vendor and PM cant come to an agreement, who steps in
claims administration
633
how do you close a procurement contract
signed off or write a written notice, (from authorized procurement administrator)
634
what do you do during close project
write final report, final transition
635
what is in the final report
a summary of what happened during the project, how successful it was and variations
