PMP Exam Quiz Cards Flashcards
Another name for functional managers
Resource managers
Scrum teams are made up of people from ____________________ functional groups.
different
When there is a member of a scrum team performing poorly, who should address the issue first?
The team member’s teammates
When there is a member of a scrum team performing poorly, who should address the issue if the teammates can’t improve the situation?
The Scrum Master
When there is a member of a scrum team performing poorly, who should address the issue if the teammates and the Scrum Master can’t improve the situation?
The Resource/Functional manager
Component teams can usually only deliver a component of a ________________.
feature
What is variable when using release trains?
Scope
How often is scrum of scrums held?
A few times a week
Based on the work of Leffingwell, what two aspects of a release train are fixed?
Dates and Scope
In Scrum, what is the name given to a member of the component team who collects changes the feature teams need to make within the components?
A harvester
In Scrum, what is the name given to a member of the component team who spreads among feature teams the knowledge of the component areas to help better promote shared code ownership?
A pollinator
What is generally the best blend of feature teams and component teams?
Mostly feature teams with a few component teams where required or needed.
What is the highest level of planning for a project?
Strategy
What is the output of portfolio planning?
Portfolio backlog
One way to visualize a release is to draw a line in the ___________.
Product backlog (Essential Scrum, Chap. 15, Fig. 15.3)
When does sprint planning occur?
The beginning of each sprint
When are decisions made in an Agile project?
The last responsible moment
When are decisions made during a Predictive project?
Up front/Early on
After product ideation has occurred, an idea must then do what?
Pass through the strategic filter
Name the 5 individuals or groups who attend a sprint review.
1) Development team
2) Scrum Master
3) Product owner
4) Internal stakeholders
5) External stakeholders
A general rule is that the duration of a sprint review should be how many hours for each week of a sprint?
One (ex. A two-week sprint will have a two-hour sprint review)
A general rule is that the duration of a sprint planning meeting should be how many hours for each week of a sprint?
Two (ex. A two week sprint will have a four-hour sprint planning meeting)
When should the product owner approve product backlog items?
As product backlog items are completed
Items reviewed at a sprint review must have met this threshold?
The definition of done
Why might a project’s sprint reviews be poorly attended?
The project is a lower priority than an organization’s other projects
What is the primary purpose of the sprint review?
To provide feedback to the Scrum team.
Principle Three of the Agile Manifesto states that a project team should deliver working products (software) _________.
frequently
Principle Eight of the Agile Manifesto states that sustainable development means that developers can continue _________________.
the pace indefinitely
_____________ and ___________ are considered subset of Lean.
Agile and Kanban
Agile and Kanban are considered subsets of ___________.
Lean
A project manager leading a project with low requirements uncertainty and a low technical degree of uncertainty will most likely use this type of development life cycle.
Predictive
A project manager leading a project with little opportunity for interim deliverables or prototypes will most likely use this type of development life cycle.
Predictive
What development life cycle allows a project team to revisit and improve unfinished work?
Iterative
What development life cycle provides versions of a product that are usable with more functionality added with successive versions?
Incremental
For which development life cycle approach is the primary goal often focused on the correctness of the solution?
Iterative
For which development life cycle approach is the primary goal often focused on speed?
Incremental
For which development life cycle approach is the primary goal to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software and obtaining feedback?
Agile
A blended development life cycle may include what types of approach?
Scrum, Kanban, and XP
When a project team working in sprints are not colocated, what is a means for facilitating team members’ engagement?
Fishbowl window
A software development approach where a whole team works on the same item at the same time at the same work station.
Mobbing
What percentage of productivity do developers lose when they task switch?
20-40%
What is another phrase for “programming out loud”?
Paired programming
Servant leadership approaches project work in what three-P order?
1) Purpose
2) People
3) Process
What are the places called where team members have a place to think?
Caves
What are the places called where team members collaborate?
Commons
What does a typical burnup chart show?
Story points done
A general rule is that the duration of a backlog refinement should be how many hours for each week of a sprint?
One
____________ is a social contract for the project team.
A team charter
What is the time from when work is added to a queue until the work starts?
Response time
What is it called when a project looks like it’s on track from those observing the project, but looks like it is not from those who are working on the project?
A watermelon (green on the outside, red on the inside)
What is an example of qualitative data?
People’s feelings
What term is used to describe the average number of stories a team completes during each iteration?
Velocity
What is a task designed to answer a question or gather information, rather than produce a product?
A spike
An agile team will choose to include ________ in their sprint to support or prepare for future work if that work requires more information before it can be started.
A spike
Does a sprint retrospective come before or after a sprint review and demo?
After
In Agile, Earned Value (EV) is based on _______________.
Finished features
This refers to the alternative course of action a party will pursue if negotiation fails to reach a satisfactory agreement.
BATNA: Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement
This term represents a range or overlap between a negotiating team’s walkaway point and a vendor’s walkaway point.
ZOPA: Zone of Possible Agreement
The creation of this stakeholder-related document helps a project manager evaluate the engagement needs of stakeholders based on their level of authority and their level of concern about a project’s outcomes.
Power/Interest grid
_______________ is the process of guiding a group of people to reach a common goal.
Facilitation
________________ is the process of organizing and running a meeting.
Meeting management
PMI’s best practices suggest that project managers should evaluate and classify stakeholders based on these three factors with regard to a project.
1) Interest
2) Influence
3) Impact
In general, it is preferred that a project manager meets with stakeholders like this first.
Individually
This exercise aims to create a shared understanding of a product vision by having participants create a representation of the final product.
A product box exercise
This is a process of comparing an organization’s performance or practices to those of its peers or competitors to identify best practices, improve performance, and achieve greater efficiency.
Benchmarking
This is a qualitative research method used in project management to gather insights and opinions from project stakeholders.
Focus groups
_______________ define the specific conditions that must be met for a user story or feature to be considered complete from a stakeholder or user perspective.
Acceptance criteria
This is a structured communication process used to gather expert opinions and build consensus on a specific topic.
The Delphi technique
What is another name for the 80/20 rule, suggesting that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes?
The Pareto Principle
A SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to identify these four things about an organization.
1) Strengths
2) Weaknesses
3) Opportunities
4) Threats
What is a key element of the Delphi technique that makes it effective among a disparate group of people?
Anonymity
No change can be implemented into a project without first doing these 2 things.
1) Submitting a change request
2) Getting approval from the Change Control Board (CCB)
When a team has completed all project activities and obtained confirmation and validation that the final product meeting the customer’s acceptance criteria, what is the project manager’s next step?
Archive project documents and identify lessons learned
What does SPI stand for?
Schedule Performance Index
What does CPI stand for?
Cost Performance Index
What does an SPI value greater than 1 (>1) mean?
That a project is ahead of schedule.
What does an CPI value greater than 1 (>1) mean?
That a project is under budget.
What does an SPI value lesser than 1 (<1) mean?
That a project is behind schedule.
What does an CPI value lesser than 1 (<1) mean?
That a project is over budget.
Which backlog does the Product Owner manage and prioritize?
Product backlog
This risk response strategy is used when a project team utilizes an outside vendor to mitigate risk?
Transfer
What is the best means of communication for a project team as well as others involved in a project like stakeholders?
Face-to-face conversations
___________ action is the action taken to get back on the project baseline.
Corrective
_______________ action is action taken to stay on the baseline.
Preventive
What a change request is made during a project, what is the first thing to be done?
Evaluate the change (regardless of who it came from)
Who may request changes on a project?
Any stakeholder involved with the project
A formal and standardized way of communicating resource requirements, project details, and evaluation criteria to potential suppliers.
Request for Proposal (RFP)
This contract type is ideal when a procurement materials for a project whose scope is not well defined or subject to frequent changes.
Cost-reimbursable contract
This type of contract is often used for staff augmentation, subject matter expertise, or other outside support.
Time and materials contract
A means of collecting information from potential suppliers before initiating a bid process.
Request for information
This type of contract is used when there is a clear understanding of the product, service, or result, and all specifications are well-defined.
Fixed-price contract
What project lifecycle approach allows feedback for unfinished work to improve and modify that work?
Iterative
What project lifecycle approach provides finished deliverables throughout the project that the customer may be able to use immediately?
Incremental
What project lifecycle approach is both iterative and incremental and used to refine work items and deliver frequently?
Adaptive or Agile
What project lifecycle approach is more traditional with the bulk of planning occurring upfront, then executing in a single pass, often as a sequential process?
Predictive or Waterfall
________________ refer to specific limits or boundaries established for particular aspects of the project.
Thresholds
What are four types of thresholds that might be applied to a project?
1) Cost
2) Quality
3) Risk
4) Escalation
The ___________ model is a tool that is used to analyze the external factors that could impact a project.
PESTEL
The __________ model helps to identify potential risks and opportunities that could impact a project.
PESTEL
What type of analysis will help to assess how changes in the external environment might impact project scope, positively or negatively?
SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
What does SWOT stand for?
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
What document described the operating guidelines for a team, including how to deal with team conflict?
The team charter
These types of tools are appropriate for quick questions with virtual teams.
Chat tools
What would be an effective tool for helping teams build relationships and stay engaged with each other when teams are spread across multiple locations?
Periodic in-person meetings or team retreats
This is a project management tool that helps to visualize workflow, limit work in progress, manage the flow of work, enhance collaboration and communication, and encourage continuous improvement.
A Kanban board
This detailed list regarding project team behavior should be included in the team charter.
Ground rules
Team ground rules as detailed in the team charter should be reviewed in this meeting.
The kickoff meeting
These are high-level guidelines that apply to an entire organization.
Organizational principles
What organizational principle should a project manager prioritize to address challenges when teams struggle with communication, collaboration, and accountability?
Collaboration
What is a means by which a stakeholder can gain better understanding of the technical aspects of a project?
Mentoring
What leadership style demonstrates a commitment to putting others first?
Servant leader
In what type of meeting should feedback on team members’ performance usually be provided?
One-on-one
This document, which is an element of the project management plan, documents the strategies that will be used to manage stakeholder engagement throughout a project’s lifecycle.
Stakeholder engagement plan
What document is the output of stakeholder analysis, documenting information about each stakeholder, including name, role, interests, expectations, level of influence, and potential impact.
Stakeholder register
This tool/technique involves identifying and categorizing stakeholders based on their level of interest and influence or other criteria in the project.
Stakeholder analysis
Mentoring needs to be ______________, as it contributes to the success of the mentor-mentee relationship and overall growth and development of the mentee.
consistent
This term gained prominent when Goleman published a book on the topic in 1995.
Emotional intelligence
Emotional intelligence gained prominence in 1995 when this psychologist published a book on the topic.
Daniel Goleman
Individuals on agile teams who have a primary area of expertise but also possess a broad range of skills in other areas.
Generalized specialists
Another word for team members who are generalized specialists.
T-shapes OR Cross-functional
What types of teams are generalized specialists often associated with?
Self-organized teams
Which stakeholder classification model describes classes of stakeholders based on power, urgency, and legitimacy?
Salience model
Often, this is an indicator that one or more key stakeholders was not involved from early in the project.
A higher than expected number of change orders
A project charter is issued by this individual.
The project sponsor
The project charter should identify these two project team members.
1) The project sponsor
2) The project manager
This method involves including stakeholders in project activities.
Co-creation
An issue is a problem that has happened, requiring formal analysis and resolution. Issues are associated with which project management approach?
Predictive
An impediment is something blocking progress right now, requiring quick and flexible action to overcome. Impediments are associated with which project management approach?
Agile
This is a potential problem that might occur in the future during a project.
A risk
This is a problem that has already occurred during a project.
An issue
This is knowledge that is hard to put into words.
Tacit
This is knowledge that can be easily communicated or written down.
Explicit
This is vital to continuing project progress when a project team member departs the team or the organization.
Knowledge transfer
Of the standard five steps of a knowledge transfer lifecycle, which step is often the one least likely to be in place in an organization?
Assessing the benefits of the transferred knowledge
What is the best way to develop a comprehensive knowledge transfer plan that ensures all aspects of knowledge transfer are considered and aligned with the project’s needs?
Collaboratively
What is the ultimate measure of a project’s success?
Delivering value
What is the last thing to do on a project?
Release resources
This is fostered by encouraging project team members to reflect on their decision-making processes, learn from their experiences, and improve their problem-solving skills.
Metacognition
These two activities provide structured opportunities for team members to develop metacognitive skills.
1) Regular retrospectives
2) Lessons learned sessions
This type of pattern for decision making encourages a project team to generate multiple ideas then use a structured evaluation process to narrow down the options.
Diverge/converge pattern
What development approach anticipates that requirements may change as user feedback is gathered?
Iterative
This development approach is more appropriate when the requirements are well-defined, and the project can be divided into smaller, manageable pieces that are delivered sequentially.
Incremental
This type of delivery involves a flexible approach to delivering a product in small, frequent increments.
Continuous delivery
This development approach balances the need for structure and flexibility in an innovative project.
Hybrid
This development approach is more appropriate for projects where changes are difficult and costly, so would benefit from gathering and finalizing all requirements up front, and ensuring the project scope is well-defined early on.
Predictive
What factors make up the triple bottom line?
Social, environmental, and financial impacts
_______________ consists of social, environmental, and financial impacts of a project.
Triple bottom line
What are the traditional triple constraints of project management?
Time, cost, and scope
_______________ refers to the work (tasks, activities, and resources) needed to create an end product.
Project scope
__________________ refers to the features, functions, and characteristics of the end product itself.
Product scope
Part of the estimation process, this refers to the mathematical difference between the largest and smallest value.
Range
Part of the estimation process, this represents the difference between the estimate and the actual value.
Accuracy
Part of the estimation process, this refers to the degree of consistency in repeated measurements.
Precision
Part of the estimation process, this refers to the likelihood that an estimate will fall within a specified range.
Confidence
