pmt topic 1- biological molecules

Question 1

what is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 1

a molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed form a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups

Question 2

what is an amino acid?

Answer 2

the monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl (COOH) and a variable R group that make up protiens

Question 3

what is a benedicts test?

Answer 3

a biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present

Question 4

whats the biuret test?

Answer 4

a biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein

Question 5

whats cellulose?

Answer 5

a polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural
polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls.

Question 6

whats a condensation reaction?

Answer 6

a type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.

Question 7

whats deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Answer 7

an information storing molecule made up of
deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix.

Question 8

whats a dipeptide?

Answer 8

molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids.

Question 9

whats a disaccharide?

Answer 9

molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides

Question 10

whats a DNA helicase?

Answer 10

an enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in
the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated.

Question 11

whats a DNA polymerase?

Answer 11

an enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand.

Question 12

what is an enzyme?

Answer 12

a protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of
biochemical reactions.

Question 13

whats is gylcogen?

Answer 13

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.

Question 14

whats a glycosidic bond?

Answer 14

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction

Question 15

whats heat capacity?

Answer 15

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount

Question 16

whats hydrolysis?

Answer 16

breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water
molecule.

Question 17

whats an induced-fit model?

Answer 17

A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate.

Question 18

whats an iodine test?

Answer 18

A biochemical test used to test for the presence of starch.

Question 19

whats lactose?

Answer 19

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose
molecule.

Question 20

whats latent heat?

Answer 20

The amount of energy needed for a substance to change state.

Question 21

whats a lipid emulsion test?

Answer 21

a biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed
on lipids.

Question 22

whats maltose?

Answer 22

A disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules.

Question 23

whats a metabolite?

Answer 23

a molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions

Question 24

what are monomers?

Answer 24

the smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 25

whats a monosaccaride?

Answer 25

The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.

Question 26

whats a phospholipid?

Answer 26

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group.

Question 27

whats a polymer?

Answer 27

molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.

Question 28

whats a polypeptide?

Answer 28

molecules formed by the condensation reaction of many amino acids

Question 29

whats a polysaccharide?

Answer 29

molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids

Question 30

whats primary structure?

Answer 30

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 31

whats quaternary structure?

Answer 31

a structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains.

Question 32

whats ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

Answer 32

A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds

Question 33

whats secondary structure?

Answer 33

The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Question 34

whats semi conservative replication?

Answer 34

the production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand.

Question 35

whats a solvent?

Answer 35

a substance which others solutes are dissolved in

Question 36

whats starch?

Answer 36

a substance which other solutes are dissolved in

Question 37

whats sucrose?

Answer 37

a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

Question 38

whats tertiary structure?

Answer 38

The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure.

Question 39

whats a triglyceride?

Answer 39

a type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and, three molecules of fatty acid.

Question 40

whats a carbohydrate?

Answer 40

a molecule only consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen they are a chain of sugar units called saccarides

Question 41

what a single saccaride called?

Answer 41

monosaccaride

Question 42

whats two saccarides called?

Answer 42

disaccharide