PMTP 1 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the
performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases.
A
Ruth Heinmann
2
Q
branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health
A
Anne Fagelson
3
Q
an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids
A
RA 5277
4
Q
practice of performing laboratory procedures for analysis which will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
A
Medical Technology
5
Q
law that permitted the profession of being a medical technologist
A
RA 5527
6
Q
day where ra 5527 was signed and approved
A
June 21, 1969
7
Q
act of isolating the organisms; to cultivate bacteria
A
culture
8
Q
can determine chemical components of urine with values
A
reagent strip
9
Q
facility that performs chemical and microscopic examinations of various body fluids
A
Clinical Laboratory
10
Q
ranking of laboratory staff
A
medical tech —> medtech —> pathologist
11
Q
head of the clinical lab; confirms and validates results
A
Pathologist
12
Q
medical detectives
operate on machines and troubleshoot
performs examinations
works under pressure
must be accurate and precise
adhere to ethical standards of performance
A
roles of a medical technologist
13
Q
organization for medical technology students and public health students
A
Philippine Association of schools of Medical
Technology and Public Health, inc. (PASMETH)
14
Q
only professional organization accredited by the PRC
A
PAMETH
15
Q
described the four humors; father of medicine
A
Hippocrates
16
Q
four humors
A
blood, phlegm yellow bile, black bile
17
Q
oldest laboratory procedure
A
urinalysis
18
Q
what did hindu physicians record?
A
sweet taste of diabetic urine and polyuria in diabetes
19
Q
identified taenia and ascaris
A
vivian herrick
20
Q
tapeworm
A
taenia
21
Q
white worm
A
ascaris
22
Q
lumbricoides
A
round worm
23
Q
oldest persevered egyptian compilation of medical texts
A
ebers papyrus
24
Q
number of pages in the ebers papyrus
A
110
25
introduced gravimetric analysis of urine using a 24-hour urine specimen
jean baptise van helmont
26
presented a test for the detection of protein based on boiling of specimen in the presence of acetic acid
frederick dekkers
27
first to describe red blood cells, protozoa, and classified bacteria according to shape; invented single lensed microscope
anton van leeuwenhoek
28
founder of pathology; contributed to embryology and anatomy
marcelo malphigi
29
german physician; founder of cellular pathology; stressed that most diseases come from the dysfunction of cells
rudolph virchow
30
era of public health
19th century
31
showed cholera was waterborne and brought the situation under control
john snow
32
discovered concept of anaerobic and aerobic; pasteurization; vaccine against anthrax
louis pasteur
33
performed first quantitative test for urine sugar (Fehling’s test)
hermann van fehling
34
used as a chemical test to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups; used to screen glucose in urine (diabetes)
fehling’s test
35
further developed method of staining bacteria (gram stain)
hans christian joachim gram
36
created the method of gram staining
paul ehrlich
37
what did ehrlich use to stain cells
adline water and gentian violet
38
used as primary stain in gram staining
crystal violet
39
used as mordant in gram staining
iodine solution
40
used as decolorizer in gram staining
ethanol
41
first professor of pathology at john hopkins university; established a laboratory in bellevue hospital
dr william h welch
42
opened first clinical laboratory at john hopkins university
dr william osler
43
wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”
dr james c todd
44
edited and retitled “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” to Clinical Diagnosis and
Management by Laboratory Methods
john bernard henry
45
year the law requiring all hospitals to be equipped with adequate laboratory passed by pennsylvania state legislature
1915
46
offered medical technology as a degree program
university of minnesota
47
year medtech was offered as a course in the us
1923
48
closed system of blood was created; advanced instrumentation; automated equipment
world war II
49
month and year when training of high school graduates as laboratory technicians started
feb 1945
50
when was the first clinical laboratory created
january 9, 1945
51
who made the first clinical laboratory
26th medical infantry of the 6th us army
52
address of the first clinical laboratory
208 Quiricada st., sta. cruz, manila
53
current name of the first clinical laboratory
manila public health laboratory
54
recognized the 26th medical laboratory
dr pio de roda
55
first city health officer of manila
mr mariano icasiano
56
year training for high school and paramedical graduates was offered
1947
57
year medtech became a course in the philippines
1954
58
helped in the efforts of making medtech a course
pio de roda
prudencia sta ana
brioner
59
first graduate of PUC
dr jesse umali
60
first ph school to offer medtech as a 4-year course
philippine union college (PUC)
61
american med practicioner of the seventh day adventist church and founder of medtech education in the philippines
mrs. willa hilgert-hedrick
62
offered MT as an elective to pharmacy students
dr. antonio gabariel and dr. gustavo reyes
63
date MT was recognized as a course
june 14, 1961
64
date and year permist for internship for MT was issued
june 1960
65
offered MT as a separate course in UST
rev. fr. lorenzo rodriguez, op
66
old curriculum ched memorandum order for CMO
cmo no. 14 s. 2006
67
Guidelines for the Accreditation of Clinical
Laboratories Involved in the training of MLS/MT Interns memorandum
CMO no.6 s. 2008
68
Policy standards to enhance quality assurance in Philippine higher education through and OUTCOMES-BASED and TYPOLOGY BASED QA
CMO no.46 s. 2012
69
new curriculum ched memorandum order
CMO no.13 s. 2017
70
duration of internship in the old curriculum
6 months
71
total units for medical technology
173 units
72
number of hours for internship
1664
73
number of hours for first year to third year mt students
1728
74
clinical laboratory law
RA 4688
75
date RA 4688 was approved
june 18, 1966
76
laboratory operated and maintained by the national/local government or any political unit
government owned
77
laboratory operated by any individual corporation, association, or organization
private-owned
78
laboratory that includes Clinical Chemistry,
Hematology, Immunohematology, Microbiology, Immunology, Clinical Microscopy,
Endocrinology, Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics,
Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and other similar disciplines
clinical pathology
79
laboratory that includes Surgical Pathology, lmmunohistopathology, Cytology, Autopsy, Forensic Pathology and Molecular Pathology
anatomic pathology
80
laboratory that deals with the analysis of certain genes, proteins and other molecules in the samples from organs, tissues, or bodily fluids in order to diagnose disease and/ or to guide the prevention and treatment of diseases
molecular pathology
81
laboratory that operates within the premises and as part of an institution
institution-based
82
laboratory that isnt part of an institution
free-standing
83
laboratory that offers primary, secondary, tertiary, and limited service capability services
general clinical laboratory
84
offers highly specialized laboratory services that are not usually provided by a gcl
special clinical laboratory
85
level of clinical laboratory that offers the ff:
Clinical Microscopy
▪ Urinalysis
▪ Fecalysis
▪ Fecal Occult Blood Test
▪ Pregnancy Test (Rapid Test Kits-Lateral Flow)
▪ Wet Smear for Trichomonas
Clinical Chemistry
▪ Fasting and Random Blood Sugar
▪ Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
▪ Lipid Profile (Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides)
▪ Blood Urea Nitrogen
▪ Blood Uric Acid
Hematology
▪ Complete Blood Count (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, RBC Count, WBC Count, Differential Count, Quantitative Platelet Count)
▪ Forward and Reverse ABO Grouping and Rh Typing
Serology/Immunology
▪ Dengue
▪ Syphilis
▪ Hepatitis B Screening
▪ HIV Screening
(Rapid test kits)
Microbiology
▪ TB (DSSM) or
nucleic acid
amplification – for
government
facilities
Primary
86
level that offers all primary and:
Clinical Chemistry
▪ Serum Electrolytes
(Na, K, C)
▪ ALT
▪ AST
Hematology (For hospital-
based)
▪ Coagulation Studies
(PT, aPTT)
Microbiology
▪ Gram Stain
▪ KOH
Anatomic Pathology
▪ Pap Smear
Secondary
87
level that offers primary and secondary and:
Clinical Chemistry
▪ Other Clinical Chemistry Examinations
▪ Hospital based: Arterial Blood gases
Serology-Immunology
▪ Any machine-based serological and
immunological testing such as, but not limited to: Tumor markers, thyroid function
tests and hepatitis profile
Microbiology
▪ Culture and sensitivity (aerobic and anaerobic)
Anatomic Pathology
▪ For hospital-based:
Cytology and
Histopathology
tertiary
88
provides laboratory tests required for a particular service in institutions such as dialysis centers and social hygiene centers
limited service capability laboratory
89
laboratory responsible for
1. Confirmatory testing
2. Surveillance
3. Resolution of conflicting results
4. Training and research
5. Evaluation of diagnostic kits and
reagents
6. Maintain the National External
Quality Assessment Scheme
(NEQAS)
national reference laboratory
90
NRL for infections, microbiology, parasitology, and confirmatory testing for blood donors
Research institute for tropical medicine
91
NRL for HIV and AIDS
San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS Cooperative Center Laboratory (SACCL)
92
NRL for toxicology, environmental and occupational health, micronutrient assay
East avenue medical center
93
NRL for hematology, immunohematology, immunopathology, automated urinalysis, anatomic pathology for renal diseases and other
national kidney and transplant institute
94
NRL for clinical chemistry
lung center of the philippines
95
permanent testing site owned by a licensed laboratory but situated in a location some distance from the main laboratory
satellite testing sites
96
temporary testing location and operates within 10-km radius of the main lab
mobile clinical laboratories
97
criteria for renewal of license
satisfactory performance rating
98
basis for suspension or revocation of license
refusal to participate in EQAS NRL
99
how long are specimen files kept
1 yr old
100
how long are anatomic and forensic pathology files kept
permanent
101
min. working area space for primary
10 sq m
102
min. working area space for secondary
20 sq m
103
min. working area space for tertiary
60 sq m
104
improve access to quality diagnostic testing
laboratory information management system (LIMS)
105
phase of laboratory testing which occurs first and does: patient preparation, test ordering, specimen collection, processing, transport
pre-analytical phase
106
peaks 4-6am lowest 8pm-12am
cortisol
107
lower at night higher standing than supine
plasma renin activity
108
lower at night increased with stress
adrenocorticotropic hormone
109
lower at night
aldosterone and insulin
110
higher in afternoon and evening
growth hormone and acid phosphate
111
increases with exercise
thyroxine
112
higher with stress higher levels at 4am 8am 8pm and 10pm
prolactin
113
peaks early to late morning decreases to 30% during the day
iron
114
4% decrease supine
calcium
115
system for specimen transport to the laboratory
pneumatic tube transport of specimen
116
actual laboratory testing phase
analytical phase
117
Measures transmitted light by the analyte in solution
spectrophotometer
118
measurement of light scattered by a paniculate solution
nephelometry
119
measures light blocked as a decrease in the light transmitted through the solution
turbidimetry
120
Measures multiple properties of cells suspended in moving fluid medium; Used to count and sort cells as well as viral particles, DNA fragments, bacteria, and latex beads; uses laser light source
flow cytometry
121
90 degree scatter of light refers to
cell granularity
122
Technique where solutes in a sample
are separated for identification
based on physical differences that
allow their differential distribution
between a mobile phase and a
stationary phase
chromatography
123
inert gas or liquid
mobile phase
124
silica gel bound to a glass plate or plastic sheet
stationary phase
125
The stationary phase may be silica
gel that is coated onto a solid
surface such as a glass plate or
plastic sheet
thin layer chomatography
126
technique used to separate volatile solutes
gas-liquid chromatography (GLC)
127
other type of chromatography
high-performance liquid chromatography
128
uses the principle of charged particles moving through a magnetic or electric field, with ions
being separated from other charged particles according to their mass-to-charge ratios; used for identifying drugs, amino acid composition of proteins, and steroids
mass spectrometry
129
based on light refraction
refractometry
130
ability of a substance to bend light; measured as difference between angle of incidence and angle of refraction
refractivity
131
hormone sensitive to light
ethylene auxin gibberlins
132
measurement of the osmolality of an aqueous solution
osmometry
133
measurement of the current or voltage generated by the activity of specific ions
electrochemistry
134
measurement of potential (voltage)
potentiometry
135
measures quantity of electricity (coulombs)
coulometry
136
measure of resulting current
voltammetry
137
measurement of current flow produced by oxidation-reduction reaction
amperometry
138
Separation of charged compounds based on their electrical charge; Used almost always to separate the proteins in serum, urine, and other body fluids (mainly cerebrospinal
fluid)
electrophoresis
139
flow of ions in electrophoresis
cations (+) to cathode (-)
anions (-) to anode (+)
140
technique used to quantitate the level of radioactive emissions from radiolabeled compounds
scintillation counter
141
test that uses antibody-antigen reaction
immunoassays
142
unlabeled immunoassay that involves combining soluble antigen with soluble antibody to produce insoluble complexes that are visible
precipitation reactions
143
unlabeled immunoassay where particulates antigens aggregate to form a larger complexes when a specific antibody is present
agglutination reaction
144
labelled immunoassay with radioactive substance (125I)
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
145
labelled immunoassay with enzymes (horseradish peroxidase)
enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
146
labelled immunoassay with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)
fluorescence immunoassay (FIA)
147
labelled immunoassay with luminol compounds
chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)
148
process to periodically examine a
measurement procedure to verify that it is performing according to pre-established specifications
quality control
149
comparing current test result by comparing a patient’s current test result to a previous result for the same analyte to identify lab errors
delta check
150
phase that includes the following:
o Review and analysis of results
o Recording and reporting of test results
o Storage and disposal of specimen
o Releasing of results
o Responsible personnel: MT, Section Supervisor, Chief MT, office clerk, or staff
post-analytic phase
