Pna

Question 1

What is the definition of pneumonia?

Answer 1

Inflammation + consolidation
Inflammation of the VILLI leads to fluid red blood cells, leukocytes, macrophages, bacterial debris which leads to consolidation and eventually atelectasis

Question 2

Epidemiology of pneumonia

Answer 2

Six leading cause of death and 65 and older
Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children

Question 3

Risk factors of pneumonia

Answer 3

COPD
asthma
smokers
heart disease
diabetes mellitus immunocompromised

Question 4

Etiology

Answer 4

Bacteria
Viruses
fungi
protozoa
parasites
irritating chemicals

Question 5

Bacteria classified based on their shape

Answer 5

Cocci: staphylo or Strepto
Bacillus
Spirilla
Vibrio

Question 6

Viruses cause pneumonia by

Answer 6

Depressing immunity leading to secondary bacterial infections

Question 7

Fungi cause pneumonia by

Answer 7

Fungal spores cause inflammation which leads to cavity formation if I process which leads to ILD patients complications and HIV patients complications

Question 8

Examples of fungal spores that causes pneumonia

Answer 8

Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis

Question 9

Classification of Pneumonia

Answer 9

Per location
per Clinical setting in pathogen

Question 10

Per location classification of pneumonia

Answer 10

Bronchopneumonia
Lobular pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Double pneumonia
Walking pneumonia

Question 11

Per clinical setting in pathogen classification of pneumonia

Answer 11

Community acquired typical
Community acquired a typical
Hospital acquired
Aspiration pneumonia
Chronic pneumonia

Question 12

Bronco pneumonia affects what

Answer 12

Affects Sacramento bronchi and surrounding tissue

Question 13

Lobular pneumonia affects what

Answer 13

Multiple segments of a particular long loop

Question 14

Interstitial pneumonia affects what

Answer 14

Limited to the interstitium, diffuse usually mycoplasma, viruses

Question 15

Double pneumonia affects what

Answer 15

Both lungs are involved

Question 16

Walking pneumonia is also called

Answer 16

Mild pneumonia

Question 17

Two types of hospital acquired pneumonia are

Answer 17

Healthcare associated pneumonia
Ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 18

Clinical manifestations and clinical findings for pneumonia include

Answer 18

Fever, cough productive and non-productive, dyspnea, chest pain, hemptysis

Increase tactile fremitus
Vocal fremitus

Breath sounds

Question 19

What are the breath sounds associate it with pneumonia patients

Answer 19

Crackles, rhonchi, bronchial sounds, whispered pectoriloque, pleural friction rub

Question 20

Diagnostic finding associated with pneumonia

Answer 20

Plural effusion leads to empyema leads to thoracentesis

Bronchoscopy and drainage of abscess

Broncoalveolar lavage

Transbronchial biopsy

Question 21

The different treatment options for pneumonia

Answer 21

Supportive
Medication
Specific treatment

Question 22

 Supported treatments for pneumonia include

Answer 22

Oxygen
Nutrition

Question 23

Medication treatment options for pneumonia

Answer 23

Antibiotic
Antifungals

Question 24

Specific treatment options for pneumonia are

Answer 24

Surgical
Lung expansion
airway clearance

Question 25

Criteria used to classify patients as immunocompromise in relation to pneumonia are

Answer 25

HIV Malignancy Organ transplant Opportunistic pathogens CD4 levels (< 200)

Question 26

Examples of opportunistic pathogens in pneumonia

Answer 26

CMV PCP Myco Avium Aspergillosis Candidiasis

Question 27

Ways to prevent VAP

Answer 27

VAP Bundle Elevated HOB Daily SAT Daily Oral Care

Question 28

Causative agents for HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNA/ VAP

Answer 28

4-7 days admission P. aeruginosa MSSA (multiple drug resistant staphylococcus aureus) E.coli Serratia Pneumococci H. Influenza

Question 29

Treatment options for immunocompromised with Hospital-Acquired PNA