Pneumonia Flashcards
(12 cards)
Definition of pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infectious disease in which one or both lungs areaffected by inflammation caused by bacteria viruses or fungi
The infection leads to thealveoli in the lungs becoming filled withfluid or pus causing difficulty in breathing and exchanging gases
Symptoms
Coughing- phlegms/mucus rusty sputum
Fever sweating and chills
Shortness of breath dysphea
headache
Weakness nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea
Hyperemia of face cyanosis
Rapid breathing rapid heartrate malaise myalgias
Stages
Stage one -congestion or consolidation due to accumulation of fluid in alveoli last 24hours.
Stag two - Red hepatization
Red blood cells and immune cells accumulate around the alveoli last for few days
Stage three
Grey hepatization fibrous tissue
Increase RBC are destroyed hemosidenn may start to accumulate causing the lung grey appearance appearsaround2-3 days after redhepalizaton can last up to 8 days
Stage four
Resolution when patient starts to feel better around 8-10 days
After infection last up to few weeks cough up to /month
Incubation- spreading of information
Treatment forstages
Stage one- early pneumonia congestion phase treated with antibiotics like azithromycin clarithromycin levofloxacin
With severe pneumonia red/gray
Receive IV antibiotics fluid
Receive
Supplemental oxygen
Signs or clinical picture of stages
Stage one - fever drycough, headachesmusclepainweakness, loss of appetite
Stage two and three
Stage two- Red hepatization
Conversion into a substance resembling the liver
Capillaries within our sacs become filled with blood causing hyperaemia
Presence of many erythrocytesneutrophils, fribin within alveoli
Stage three- grey hepatization
Ling appears grey-brown to yellow because of fibrinopurulent exudates dis integration of red cells and hemosiderin which causes. compression of capillaries leukocytes migrate into the congested alveoli
Types of pneumonia
Lobar-pneumonia consolidation of parenchyma
Community acquired pneumonia
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Pneumonia in immune compromised patient
Hospital acquired Pneumonia
Herpes Pneumonia
Lobar P.
Gross aspiration
Spreading in the body
Hematogenous way
Contact inflammation of pleura can spread from affected organs to non affected organsaffects one or two lobes
Lobar has the stages
Community A.
Develops outside the hospitals within 48 hours heath care associated with IV therapy dialysis hospitalized for 3 monthsmore than 48 hoursis hospital acquired pneumonia
Physical examination in General
Inspection - thoraie lagging in affected area/ hyperemia of face cyanosis of lips
Palpation - vocal fremitus is exaggerated in affected area
Auscultation-.pathological bronchial breathing /vesicular breathing
Percussion -dull sound
Adventitious sound -for first stage -crepitation
Second stage third and forth -moist rales crackles
Treatment
Antibiotic therapy - amoxicclin 500img 3x daily,
Doxyclinine
Fungal therapy - fluconazole
Virus therapy
Combined treatment -clarthromyacin plus azithromycin
Oxygen theosophy
Expectorants
NSAIDs ibuprofen
Lab diagnostic
Xray
CBC → leukocytes shit tötteleft
