Pneumonia Flashcards
(25 cards)
Name some of the risk factors of pneumonia
Smoking Chronic lung disease Chronic heart disease Alcohol excess Immunosuppression
What are the four broad classifications of pneumonia?
Community acquired pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Immunocompromised pneumonia
What are some of the presenting complaints of pneumonia?
Shortness of breath Cough Sputum production Pleuritic chest pain Fever Confusion
How will a patient with pneumonia present on examination?
Tachycardia Tachypnoea Pleural rub Dull percussion note Coarse crepitations
What patients are at risk of CAP?
Healthy adults
Those with an underlying lung disease (COPD, ILD)
What patients are at risk of HAP?
Elderly
Immobile
Immunosuppressed
Immunocompromised
What patients are at risk of aspiration pneumonia?
Alcoholics
What patients are at risk of immunocompromised pneumonia?
HIV
Transplant patients
Chemotherapy
Name the common causative organisms for CAP
Strep pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. pnuemoniae
Name the common causative organisms for HAP
Staph aureus
Gram negative enterobacteria
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Name the commoncausative organisms for aspiration pneumonia
Anaerobes
Gram negative bacteria
Staph aureus
Name the common causative for immunocompromised pneumonia
HAP and CAP organisms
Viruses
Fungi
Mycobacteria
What is the most common bacteria causing CAP?
Strep pneumoniae
What are the characteristics of H. influenzae pneumonia?
Seen in patients with COPD - will cause exacerbations of the disease
What are the characteristics of staph aureus pneumonia?
Commonly seen in patients with weakened immune system or alcoholics. Can be an exacerbation of influenza, and causes cavitations
What are the characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Has epidemics every 3-4 years, usually seen in young patients
Causes flu-like symptoms, and penicillin is ineffective as there is no cell wall
What are the characteristics of legionella pnuemophilia?
Commonly caused by faulty cooling towers and air conditioning
Will cause flu-like symptoms with shortness of breath and diarrhoea
High mortality
How is the causative organism determined?
Sputum culture
What investigations can be carried out to determine pneumonia? Why are these investigations carried out?
Full blood count (raised inflammatory markers)
CRP (as above)
U and E’s (dehydration common in pneumonia)
LFT’s (may be deranged in atypical pneumonia)
CXR (evidence of consolidation/effusion)
How is the management of pneumonia determined?
CURB65 score
What antibiotics are given in moderate CAP?
Amoxicillin + clarithromycin
What antibiotics are given in severe CAP?
Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
What antibiotics are given in HAP?
Tazocin + gentamicin
What antibiotics are given in aspiration pneumonia?
Co-amoxiclav + metronidazole
