PNS

Question 1

Five areas of measuring pop health

Answer 1

Death
Disease
Disability
Discomfort
Distress

Question 2

Morbidity

Answer 2

illness
injury
DALY

Question 3

Mortality

Answer 3

death

Question 4

Incidence

Answer 4

new cases/pop at risk

Question 5

Prevalence

Answer 5

total # cases/ pop at risk

Question 6

Crude mortality rate

Answer 6

of deaths/#at risk of dying

Question 7

Age-adjusted mortality

Answer 7

of deaths in group/# in group

Question 8

Infatn mortailty

Answer 8

kids die under 1/number live births (100)

Question 9

Epidemeology

Answer 9

study of the distribution and determiniants of hwalth and application to ctrl health problems

Question 10

Epidemiological triad

Answer 10

Agent, Host, Environmebt (Vector)

Question 11

Andemic

Answer 11

@ steday state

Question 12

Spidemic

Answer 12

spike above norm

Question 13

Pandemic

Answer 13

Spidemic, multiple continents

Question 14

Index case

Answer 14

1st case ever

Question 15

Sentinel case

Answer 15

1st case found

Question 16

disability

Answer 16

deviation from norm

Question 17

morbidity

Answer 17

disease

Question 18

mortality

Answer 18

death

Question 19

steps in investigating disease outbreak

Answer 19

define
distribution
things in common
determine/test hypotehsis
use to control disease

Question 20

disease suveillance

Answer 20

look for health data and death to watch disease rates

Question 21

decriptive data

Answer 21

qualitative data

Question 22

Analytical data

Answer 22

quantitative

Question 23

Experiemntal data

Answer 23

from an experiment

Question 24

attack rate

Answer 24

people @ risk who get it/people who don’t

Question 25

Cross tabulation

Answer 25

compares attack rate to exposure

Question 26

Outbreak

Answer 26

attack rate higher than normal

Question 27

4 basic principle of medical ethics

Answer 27

non-maleficence beneficence distributive justice autonomy

Question 28

4 quadrant approcah

Answer 28

Medical indications Patient preferences Quality of life Contextual features

Question 29

9 basci priniciples of medical professsionalism

Answer 29

``` compentent care fro human dignity professionalism respect the law respect rights/privacy fro everyone advance knowledge and ask for help Physician can choose Improve public health Patient comes first Access for all ```

Question 30

REaltionship between ethical and legal values

Answer 30

closely related, athical obligations typically exceed elgal duties

Question 31

7 requirements fro determining if research is ethical

Answer 31

``` Social/Sci value Sci validity Fair subject selection Risk/BNenefit Ratio Indpen. REview Informed consent Respect for Subjects ```

Question 32

Differnetiate between illness and Diseae

Answer 32

Diseae can be there without knowing Illness is preception

Question 33

Sources fo Standardized data

Answer 33

``` Disease reports Insurance Public assist Morbitiy study case-finding reports death records ```

Question 34

5 a's fo evidence based medicine

Answer 34

``` Assess Ask ACquire Appraise Apply ```

Question 35

Primary Literature

Answer 35

Original Study

Question 36

Secondary Literature

Answer 36

Review

Question 37

Background questions

Answer 37

About conditions

Question 38

Foreground Questions

Answer 38

About Choices

Question 39

PICO

Answer 39

Patient/Population Intervention Comparision Outcome

Question 40

Hierarchy of Study Design

Answer 40

``` N=1 RCT RCT Cohort Case-Cntrl Cross-Section Ecological Case-Series/Reports ```

Question 41

4 Type of Clinical Questions

Answer 41

Therapy (RCT) Harm (Cntrl Trl) Dif Dx (Cohort/Case) Prognosis (Cohort)

Question 42

RCT

Answer 42

pts given tx/placebo based on random/blind

Question 43

Cohort

Answer 43

Follow ones set pop over tiem to look at prevelencae fo disease &patterns

Question 44

Case-Cntrl

Answer 44

Compares pt w/ dosease to those w/out disease (diabetics w/ cancer vs. diabetics w/out)

Question 45

Hypothesis TEsting

Answer 45

Want to deny null/accept alt

Question 46

Null Hypothesis

Answer 46

No significant differnce between two groups of data