PocketPrep Questions

Question 1

What does pair programming entail?

Answer 1

Encourages collaboration between team members.

One person is the “observer,” and the other the “driver.”

You’re working at the same workstation.

Increases code quality and can catch errors in real time.

Question 2

What does the SOW (statement of work) reference?

Answer 2

The organization’s business needs, the product scope description that defines the product, and the organization’s strategic plan.

Question 3

True or False: If the float is greater than zero, then it is on the critical path.

Answer 3

False - must be less than zero.

Question 4

What does the work breakdown structure numbering system do?

Answer 4

The work breakdown structure numbering system allows the project team to quickly identify where the work package is located on the WBS.

Question 5

How often should demonstrations and reviews occur with iterations?

Answer 5

As a general guideline, demonstrations/reviews should occur once every two weeks.

Question 6

Formal Power

Answer 6

Formal power is derived from the project manager’s official position or title within the organization, granting them authority to make decisions and direct team members based on their role.

Question 7

Reward Power

Answer 7

Reward power is the ability of the project manager to provide incentives or benefits, such as bonuses or recognition, to team members, motivating them to achieve project goals.

Question 8

Penalty Power

Answer 8

Penalty power involves the project manager’s capacity to impose consequences or disciplinary actions on team members for not meeting expectations or failing to comply with project requirements.

Question 9

Expert Power

Answer 9

The ability to gain support because project personnel perceive the project manager as possessing special knowledge or expertise; that is, he is perceived as possessing functional expertise that they consider important. This is individually earned unlike the other powers.

Question 10

What role does the product owner play?

Answer 10

The product owner is responsible for the overall guidance and direction of the product as well as creating the prioritized product backlog for the team. Product ownership is critical to the success of any Agile project, and this function acts as the key interface to the customer. The product owner works with stakeholders, customers, and the teams to define the product direction.

Question 11

What three knowledge areas are in the Initiating Process Group?

Answer 11

Project Integration Management - develop project charter process.

Project Stakeholder Management - identify stakeholders process

Determine business success criteria

Question 12

What is the Initiating Process Group?

Answer 12

The Initiating Process Group consists of processes that define a new project or phase by obtaining authorization, setting the project’s objectives, and identifying stakeholders to ensure alignment with business goals.

Question 13

Crashing

Answer 13

Shortening the duration of the project by adding resources to a work activity

Question 14

Fast-tracking

Answer 14

It is a schedule compression method. Tasks that are usually done in series are now done in parallel.

Question 15

Plan-Do-Check-Act, Six Sigma

Answer 15

These are methods for continuous PM improvement.

Question 16

Organizational Process Assets

Answer 16

Internal resources like templates, policies, or procedures that influence project management processes and outcomes.

Includes items such as a project charter template, lessons learned repository, organizational review policies, etc.

Question 17

Float

Answer 17

Difference between the earliest and latest start or finish times of a task. Essentially, how much delay can occur without impacting timelines?

Start: Float = LS - ES
Finish: Float = LF - EF

Question 18

Cycle Time

Answer 18

Total elapsed time from the start to the end of a specific task. Helpful with Kanban for figuring out the total duration of the project/multiple tasks

Question 19

Cost of Quality

Answer 19

Cost of Quality (COQ) refers to costs incurred while ensuring high-quality deliverables and costs resulting from imperfect deliverables

Question 20

Strategic Plan

Answer 20

A strategic plan is a comprehensive document outlining an organization’s long-term vision, goals, and objectives, ensuring that all projects and initiatives align with the overall mission and direction of the organization.

Question 21

sender/receiver communication model

Answer 21

A basic communication framework involving a sender who encodes and transmits a message and a receiver who decodes it, focusing primarily on message delivery rather than comprehension.

Question 22

EMV

Answer 22

Expected Monetary Value
Formula: EMV = Probability X Impact

Question 23

Reduced Capacity

Answer 23

Reduced capacity occurs when people are not available or an event such as vacations, holidays, or emergencies keeps people from actively participating in the project. The team is determined not to finish the same amount of work as previously conducted within the last period.

Question 24

The first step in introducing Agile practices for any organization is to

Answer 24

assess the readiness for change

Question 25

Rolling wave planning

Answer 25

Rolling wave planning is a type of planning that allows for work packages to be planned and scheduled at various points in the project lifecycle

Question 26

What are the correct processes necessary for all projects in a predictive environment?

Answer 26

Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing

Question 27

Transformational Leadership Style

Answer 27

This leadership style has characteristics such as empowering the team through ideal attributes and behaviors, inspirational motivation, encouraging innovation and creativity, and individual consideration. The main characteristic of the transformational leadership style is inspiration.

Question 28

Laissez-faire Leadership Style

Answer 28

Interpreted as “hands-off,” this project manager’s leadership style tends to allow their team to lead themselves. Teams are left to make decisions, set goals, and implement their own ideas in completing the assigned tasks.

Question 29

Transactional Leadership Style

Answer 29

This style focuses on goals, feedback, and ways to determine the rewards a person gets. A project manager with a transactional style will usually be rigid in implementing rules, processes, and procedures. They will even implement something called reward and punishment so that the team is always disciplined in implementing the values ​​it has created.

Question 30

Servant Leader Leadership Style

Answer 30

A project manager with this style usually has traits such as a focus on others, growth, learning, shared prosperity, relationship orientation, and team collaboration.

Question 31

Charismatic Leadership Style

Answer 31

The main characteristics of a leader with a charismatic style include high energy, enthusiasm, strong belief, and self-confidence. These personality traits then carry persuasive power to the team or its followers.

Question 32

Interactional Leadership Style

Answer 32

A combination of transactional, transformational, and charismatic. Project managers with an interactional style consider variables such as the work environment, corporate culture, market challenges, conflict and complexity, and the influence of leaders on the business.

Question 33

Factors that can affect the choice of communication technology used for a project include:

Answer 33

Urgency of the need for information Availability and reliability of technology Ease of use Project environment Sensitivity and confidentiality of the information

Question 34

acceptance criteria

Answer 34

Acceptance criteria are specific conditions or standards that a product or service must meet to be considered complete and satisfactory by stakeholders, ensuring that each requirement is fulfilled as intended.

Question 35

requirements document

Answer 35

A requirements document is a comprehensive record that details the product requirements and includes essential information for managing these requirements, such as categories, priorities, and acceptance criteria, to guide the project team in aligning with project objectives.

Question 36

Multipoint estimating

Answer 36

Multipoint estimating is also known as three-point estimating. Multipoint estimating evaluates cost or duration by applying an average or weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates. This is best utilized when there is strong uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.

Question 37

Planned Value (PV)

Answer 37

What the project should be worth

Question 38

Earned Value (EV)

Answer 38

The approved budget for the work actually completed at a given point in time. EV = Percent Actually Completed * BAC

Question 39

Actual Cost (AC)

Answer 39

What the project has spent so far

Question 40

Budget at Completion (BAC)

Answer 40

The original total planned budget for the project. Represents the baseline budget agreed upon at project initiation.

Question 41

Cost Variance (CV)

Answer 41

The difference between the earned value and actual costs CV = EV - AC Positive - under budget Negative - over budget

Question 42

Schedule Variance (SV)

Answer 42

The difference between the earned value and planned value SV = EV - PV Positive - ahead of schedule Negative - behind schedule

Question 43

Variance at Completion (VAC)

Answer 43

Projection of being over or under budget based on current performance VAC = BAC - EAC Positive - under budget Negative - over budget

Question 44

Cost Performance Index (CPI)

Answer 44

Shows the overall cost efficiency of the project CPI = EV/AC Greater than 1 - under budget Less than 1 - over budget

Question 45

Schedule performance index (SPI)

Answer 45

shows the overall schedule adherence SPI = EV/PV Greater than 1 - ahead of schedule Less than 1 - behind schedule

Question 46

Estimate at Completion (EAC) Standard Formula

Answer 46

Forecasts final project costs based on current performance EAC = BAC/CPI

Question 47

Estimate at Completion (EAC) (When cost variances are atypical)

Answer 47

Forecasts final project costs based on current performance EAC = AC + BAC - EV

Question 48

Estimate at Completion (EAC) (Initial cost estimates flawed formula)

Answer 48

Forecasts final project costs based on current performance EAC = AC + (BAC - EV)

Question 49

Estimate at Completion (EAC) (CPI and SPI affect the remainder of the project)

Answer 49

Forecasts final project costs based on current performance AC + [(BAC-EV)/(CPI*SPI)]

Question 50

Estimate to Complete

Answer 50

Predict how much more the remainder of the project will cost = EAC - AC

Question 51

Reserve Analysis

Answer 51

During cost control, reserve analysis is used to monitor the status of contingency and management reserves for the project to determine if these reserves are still needed or if additional reserves need to be requested.

Question 52

Team Facilitator

Answer 52

Team facilitators are project managers, scrum masters, project team leads, team coaches, or facilitators. Team facilitators are also servant leaders by removing impediments and fostering team growth.

Question 53

Internal Rate of Return

Answer 53

Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is best described as the rate of growth a project is expected to generate.

Question 54

Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)

Answer 54

attempts to identify the relationship between the costs and benefits of a proposed project BCR > 1 the benefits are greater than the costs BCR = 1 the costs and benefits are equal BCR < 1 the costs are greater than the benefits

Question 55

Resource smoothing

Answer 55

Resource smoothing involves adjusting activities within their available float to ensure resource usage does not exceed predefined limits, without affecting the critical path or extending the project duration, thus eliminating resource over-allocations.

Question 56

Resource leveling

Answer 56

Resource leveling is a technique where the start and finish dates of activities are adjusted based on resource constraints, which may alter the critical path and potentially extend the project duration to balance resource demand with supply.

Question 57

Salience Model

Answer 57

The salience model is a stakeholder analysis tool that categorizes stakeholders based on their power (ability to influence the project), urgency (need for immediate attention), and legitimacy (appropriateness of their involvement), helping prioritize stakeholder engagement.

Question 58

Which of the following best describes the difference between leadership and management?

Answer 58

Management focuses on the bottom line; leadership focuses on the horizon

Question 59

What-if scenario analysis

Answer 59

a technique used in project management to evaluate potential outcomes by examining different scenarios and their impacts on project objectives. It helps project teams anticipate and plan for unexpected situations by assessing the feasibility of the project schedule under various conditions.

Question 60

Product Owner

Answer 60

Will work with the sponsor and is in charge of the product roadmap, a visual depiction of the product releases. The owner will maintain and update the roadmap throughout the project, and will work with the sponsor and team members to create it.

Question 61

Predictive Approach

Answer 61

A predictive approach is utilized when the project and product requirements can be defined, collected, and analyzed at the beginning stages of the project. A predictive approach is often known as the waterfall approach. In this type of project approach, there is often a high level of risk that may require recurring reviews, change control mechanisms, and replanning. There is also a significant investment that is involvement. Scope schedule, cost, resources, and risk are defined at the beginning of the project and are often quite stable.

Question 62

Hybrid Approach

Answer 62

The hybrid approach is utilized when there is uncertainty or risk that is a result of the requirements. Hybrid approaches may often utilize an iterative or incremental development approach. Iterative approaches are used best for clarifying requirements and exploring options. Incremental approaches are best used to produce a deliverable throughout a series of iterations.

Question 63

Adaptive Approaches

Answer 63

are best used when requirements have concerns with high levels of uncertainty and volatility. These requirements are likely to change throughout the performance of the project. Although a clear vision of the project is set at the start, the requirements are refined, detailed, changed, or replaced as a result of obtained feedback or the changing environment.

Question 64

The closure of a phase ends with a transfer or hand-off of the deliverables of that phase and is typically referred to as a

Answer 64

phase review, state gate, kill point, phase exit, or phase entrance

Question 65

conflicts often arise from constraints and pressures related to

Answer 65

budget, scope, schedule, and quality

Question 66

The five project management process groups

Answer 66

initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing

Question 67

What does the project justification in the business case do?

Answer 67

explains why the project is necessary and worth the investment, highlighting the business need and expected benefits, and is often supported by a cost-benefit analysis.

Question 68

risk audit

Answer 68

A risk audit is an action to verify that all risks have been identified, that plans have been created to handle risks, and that the individuals responsible for responding to the risks are prepared to take action.

Question 69

When is the Develop Team process completed?

Answer 69

During project execution

Question 70

Activities in the planning process group

Answer 70

"what will you do, and how will you do it?" Plan Scope Management, Collect Requirements, Define Scope, Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Plan Schedule Management, Define Activities, Sequence Activities Estimate Activities Duration, Develop Schedule, Plan Cost Management, Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, Plan Quality Management, Plan Resource Management Estimate Activity Resources, Plan Communications Management, Plan Risk Management, Identify Risks, Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis, Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis, Plan Risk Responses, Plan Procurement Management, and Plan Stakeholder Engagement

Question 71

activities in the initiating process group

Answer 71

develop project charter, identify stakeholders, create stakeholder register

Question 72

Work performance data

Answer 72

the raw observations and measurements identified during activities performed to carry out the work of the project.

Question 73

activities in the executing process group

Answer 73

Manage Project Knowledge, Manage Quality, Acquire Resources, Develop Team, Manage Team, Manage Communications, Implement Risk Responses, Conduct Procurements, and Manage Stakeholder Engagement.

Question 74

Trend analysis

Answer 74

Trend analysis utilizes a mathematical model to forecast future outcomes derived from historical results. It is used to predict future performance based on previous project results.

Question 75

The single most important practice in agile practice is called

Answer 75

Retrospective

Question 76

Measurable Project Objectives

Answer 76

specific goals outlined in the project charter that can be quantified and tracked to assess project progress and success. These objectives include key metrics such as budget and milestones, ensuring they are clear, achievable, and aligned with the project's overall purpose.

Question 77

service request manager

Answer 77

can be synonymous with the role of the product owner. is used in Kanban to manage the flow of work.

Question 78

Business model canvas

Answer 78

A business model canvas is a one-page artifact consisting of a visual summary that describes the value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finance.

Question 79

Plan Stakeholder Engagement

Answer 79

involves developing strategies to effectively involve stakeholders throughout the project, ensuring their needs and interests are addressed to support project success.

Question 80

RFis. RFQs, and RFPs are what kind of document

Answer 80

Bid documents

Question 81

Which of the following activities should you include to ensure the WBS is comprehensive and effective?

Answer 81

Decompose deliverables into smaller packages, identify deliverables and work packages, define the project scope statement.

Question 82

Backlog Refinement

Answer 82

Backlog refinement is an ongoing process in agile projects where the team and product owner review and adjust the product backlog, ensuring that upcoming work is well understood, appropriately prioritized, and ready for future iterations.

Question 83

Test Cases

Answer 83

are included in the RTM (requirements traceability matrix) to ensure that each requirement has corresponding tests to verify its implementation and functionality.

Question 84

Project Budget

Answer 84

the total financial plan for a project, encompassing both the cost baseline and management reserves, to cover all planned project activities and unforeseen changes.

Question 85

Project vision statement

Answer 85

concise document that contains a high-level description of the project that states the purpose and motivates the team to contribute to the project.

Question 86

Control limits

Answer 86

Control limits determine the thresholds that determine if the process is in control or not.

Question 87

Stakeholder's influence typically is the highest at the start of the project, and gets lower over time (true or false)

Answer 87

True

Question 88

Regression analysis

Answer 88

Regression analysis is an analytical technique where a sequence of input variables is evaluated against associated output results. The results develop a mathematical or statistical relationship

Question 89

Control Chart

Answer 89

A control chart is a graphical tool used in project management to monitor process variation over time, helping to determine if a process is stable and within predefined control limits, which are typically set at ±3 sigma from the process mean.

Question 90

Procurement Audit

Answer 90

Procurement audits are the structured review of the entire procurement process, from the Plan Procurement Management process through the Control Procurements process

Question 91

What are the types of organizational structures?

Answer 91

Organic, functional, matrix - strong, matrix - balanced, Matrix- weak, multi-division, project-oriented, virtual, hybrid, PMO

Question 92

The stakeholder engagement plan can be formal or informal based on the needs of the project (true or false)

Answer 92

True

Question 93

Participatory decision making

Answer 93

The project team members participate in the decision-making process with what is called participatory decision-making. This type of decision-making is based on respect and mutual trust.

Question 94

Who is responsible for providing formal notice that a contract has been completed?

Answer 94

The Buyer

Question 95

The individuals who are involved in the conflict are those best suited to resolve it.

Answer 95

True

Question 96

Monte Carlo analysis

Answer 96

The Monte Carlo analysis is a method used to put the details of a three-point estimate into a project estimate. The Monte Carlo analysis is more accurate than other estimating methods because of its ability to simulate the actual project details and calculate the probability.