POF Flashcards
1
Q
aircraft parts and structures
A
fuselage / powerplant / wings / empennage / landing gear
2
Q
any device which has been designed for flight
A
aircraft
3
Q
a category of aircraft which is characterized by the use of both fixed wings and an engine
A
airplane
4
Q
aircraft certification - categories
A
normal / utility / acrobatic / commuter / transport
5
Q
pilot certification - category: airplane - classes
A
single engine land / multi engine land / single engine sea / multi engine sea
6
Q
body or shell that holds passengers and cargo
A
fuselage
7
Q
types of fuselages
A
truss / monocoque / semi monocoque
8
Q
steel trusses welded together to form a frame
A
truss-type
9
Q
still has a frame but their primary structure consists of an exterior surface
A
monocoque
10
Q
features a cross section frame that’s joined together with stringers
A
semi monocoque
11
Q
produces thrust to propel an aircraft
A
powerplant
12
Q
basic parts of a powerplant
A
cowling / propeller / engine / firewall (attachment point)
13
Q
part of an aircraft designed to produce lift
A
wings
14
Q
wing planforms
A
elliptical / rectangular / tapered / sweptback / delta
15
Q
by number of wings
A
monoplane / biplane / sesquiplane
16
Q
wing position/placement
A
high wing / mid wing / low wing
17
Q
tail of the plane
A
empennage
18
Q
parts of a vertical stabilizer
A
rudder
19
Q
parts of a horizontal stabilizer
A
elevator / trim tabs
20
Q
reduces the effort which needs to be applied by the pilot onto the controls
A
trim tabs
21
Q
principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing
A
landing gear
22
Q
types of landing gear
A
conventional / tricycle type / floats / skids / skis
23
Q
first law of motion
A
inertia
24
Q
second law of motion
A
F = ma
25
third law of motion
action - reaction
26
four forces acting on an airplane
lift / weight / thrust / drag
27
produced due to pressure differential
lift
28
bernoulli's principle
high velocity, low pressure
29
part of the wings that interact with the air to create lift
airfoil
30
angle at which the chord of an aircraft's wing meets the relative wind
angle of attack
31
angle between the aircrafts's longitudinal axis and the chord of the wing
angle of incidence
32
aspect ratio formula
AR = b/c || b = span, c = wing area
33
pressure distribution in an airfoil
higher AOA, forward CP || lower AOA, aft CP
34
types of flaps
plain / split / slotted / fowler / slotted fowler
35
made up of the combined load of the airplane and its fuel, crew, passengers, and cargo which are pulled downward by gravity
weight
36
it opposes lift and acts vertically downward through the airplane's center of gravity
weight
37
force that propels the airplane forward
thrust
38
retarding force that is caused by disruptions of airflow by the wings, fuselage, and other protruding objects
drag
39
drag generated by the aircraft due to its shape and air flowing around it
form drag
40
aerodynamic resistance due to the contact of moving air with the surface of an aircraft
skin friction drag
41
comes from the intersection of airstreams that creates eddy current, turbulence, or restricts smooth airflow
interference drag
42
by-product of the creation of lift by the wings
induced drag
43
parasite drag increases with airspeed, while induced drag decreases with airspeed
total drag
44
airspeed - parasite drag - induced drag
high airspeed - high parasite drag - low induced drag
45
pressure differential causes a movement of air along the wings and around the wings
wingtip vortices
46
rotating turbulence called a vortex, which is a part of induced drag
wingtip vortices
47
used by light airplanes to reduce wingtip vortices. The wing is then slightly twisted with a greater angle of incidence near the wing root
washout
48
used by (larger) airplanes to reduce wingtip vortices
winglets
49
corresponds to the speed for best range
lift to drag ratio
50
the speed which would allow to travel the longest horizontal distance, during a glide following an engine failure
lift to drag ratio
51
the upwash and downwash are altered and the induced drag is considerably reduced
ground effect
52
height where ground effect is noticeable
height = wingspan
53
state of equilibrium
T = D || L = W
54
axes of an airplane - longitudinal axis
aileron - roll
55
axes of an airplane - lateral axis
elevator - pitch
56
axes of an airplane - vertical axis
rudder - yaw
57
force that makes a body follow a curved path - a center seeking force. It attracts a body toward its axis of rotation
centripetal force
58
experienced as an outside force pulling an object away from the center of rotation
centrifugal force
59
the force resulting from the combined effect of gravity and centrifugal force
G-force
60
positive g
increasing weight and load
61
negative g
decreasing weight and load
62
zoom climb
speed is lost, altitude is gained
63
steady climb
speed is maintained, altitude is gained
64
what is balanced in a coordinated turn
horizontal component of lift and centrifugal force
65
overbanking tendency explain
inner wing travels shorter distance = lower speed and less lift || outer wing travels greater distance = higher speed and more lift
66
overbanking tendency fix
aileron differential
67
the natural and undesirable tendency for an aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction of a roll
adverse yaw
68
ratio between lift and weight of an aircraft
load factor
69
influence of engine torque on aircraft movement and control
torque effect
70
encountered when a force is applied to raise the tail, which results in a deflection of the propeller from its plane of rotation felt 90 degrees away in its direction of rotation
gyroscopic precession
71
anytime the pilot pulls on the yoke, the descending blade of the propeller momentarily has a larger angle of attack than the left blade, thus more thrust is generated by the right side of the propeller
asymmetrical thrust
72
the rotating movement of the propeller at high speed induces a spiraling motion to the slipstream. Part of it strikes the left side of the vertical stabilizer
spiraling slipstream
73
stall recognition
high AOA / airframe buffeting or shaking / warning horn or light / loss of lift
74
stall recovery
reduce AOA / add power
75
occurs when directional control is lost during a stall
spin
76
spin recovery
power idle / ailerons neutral / rudder opposite of spin / elevator level
77
the quality of an aircraft to correct for conditions which may disturb its equilibrium, and to return and continue on the original flight path
stability
78
the quality of an aircraft which permits it to be maneuvered easily and withstand stress
maneuverability
79
the capability of an aircraft to respond to the pilot's control especially with regard to flight path and attitude
controllability
80
the initial tendency displayed by an aircraft after its state of equilibrium - in which all opposing forces acting on the aircraft are balanced, has been disturbed
static stability
81
initial tendency of the airplane to return to its original state of equilibrium after being disturbed
positive static stability
82
initial tendency of the airplane to remain in a new condition after its equilibrium has been disturbed
neutral static stability
83
the initial tendency of the airplane to continue away from the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed
negative static stability
84
refers to the response over time of an aircraft displaying positive static stability after its equilibrium is disturbed
dynamic stability
85
tendency of the airplane to return to its original attitude directly through a series of decreasing oscillations
positive dynamic stability
86
tendency of the airplane to return to its original attutude through a series of oscillations of constant amplitude
neutral dynamic stability
87
tendency of the airplane to return to its original attutude through a series of increasing oscillation
negative dynamic stability
88
quality which makes an airplane stable about its lateral axis
longitudinal stability
89
longitudinal stability involves what motion
pitch motion
90
quality which makes an airplane stable about its longitudinal axis
lateral stability
91
lateral stability involves what motion
rolling motion
92
measured by the angle made by each wing above a line parallel to the lateral axis
dihedral
93
one in which the leading edge slopes backward, when rolling, the lower wing will present its leading edge perpendicular to the relative wind and will generate more lift than the higher wing
sweepback
94
when the airplane sideslips, a larger surface above the cg is exposed to the relative wind, helping to return the airplane to its original position
keel effect
95
having high wing aircraft's weight suspended below their wings, it also restores lateral balance due to gravity
pendulum effect
96
maintan balance between the different flight characteristics for the high wing, sweptback aircrafts
anhedral
97
quality which makes an airplane stable about its vertical axis
directional stability
98
directional stability involves what motion
yawing motion
