Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych + gero -3-K > Poisoning And Drug Abuse 💉 > Flashcards

Poisoning And Drug Abuse 💉 Flashcards

(39 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Investigations?

A

Blood and urine samples
Drug levels

Coma: blood Nd urine screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some clinical signs and likely posisons of Constricted pupils ?

A

Opioids
Orangophosphorus insecticides
Nerve agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dilated pupils caused by?

A

TCA
Amfetamines
Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Convulsions caused by?

A 
TCA
Theophylline
Opioids
Mefenamic acid
Isoniazid
Amfetamines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dytonic reactions?

A

Metoclopromide

Phenothiazines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Delirium + hallucinations caused by what drugs?

A

Antimuscarinic drugs,
Amfetamines
Cannabis
Recovering from TCA overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vision loss caused by what drugs?

A

Methanol

Quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Divergent strabismus caused by what drugs?

A

TCA
CO
Methanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nystagmus caused by what drugs?

A

Phenytoin

Carbamezapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypertonia and hypereflexia caused by what drugs?

A

TCAs

Anyimuscurinics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tinnitus and deafnesscaused by what drugs?

A

Salicylates

Quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyperventilation caused by what drugs?

A

Salicylates
Pheno herbicides
Theophilline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hyperthermia caused by which drugs?

A

MDMA (ecstasy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blisters?

A

Usually in comatose immobile pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lips and skin cherry red when?

A

CO poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do u do in e,ergency resuscitation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Lateral position with lower leg straight and upper flexed- reduces aspiration risk
Clear airway, intubate if gag reflux absent

Give 60% oxygen face mask
Artificial ventilation sometimes needed
Treat hypotension, arrythmias, convulsions.
ABGs- resp function
Measure temp with low reading rectal thermometer and treat hypothermia

17
Q

Prevention of further abdorption

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Gastric lavage: repteated instillation and aspiration of small amounts of water or saline (200-300mL ,38*) via orogastric tube. Danger: aspiration ❌.
    CI in: paraffin, petrol, corrosives: risk of pneumonitis.
  2. Activated charcoal 50g - absorbs unabsorbed poison
    Aspirin, digioxin, paracetamol, barbiturates. Up to 1hr previously
  3. Vomitting induction
  4. Haemo dialysis- severe- lithium, ethanol, methanol, ethylene, salicylate Blood >700mg/L

Aspirin= salicylate

18
Q

Most commonest way of suicide?

Study These Flashcards
A

Self poisoning esp with 1. Paracetamol cz ppl did it before, and antidoe worked, so next next time, they’ll take more.

  1. NSAIDS
  2. Asprin
  3. Antidepressants
  4. Benzodiazepines

2o poison alcohol
CHECK: any drugs? Friends, witness, CVS and Resp exam + conscious level !

19
Q

What happens in aspirin overdose?

Study These Flashcards
A

Salicylate- stimulates resp centre, deeper, more breathes –> resp alkalosis
Compensation: renal so metabolic acidosis- excreting bicarbonate and K+

Also intervene with carbs, protens fat metabolism
So increased lactate,mpyruvate and ketone bodies–> more acidosis

Mx- IV vit K to coorect hypoprothrombinaemia
Gastric lavage
Urine alkalization
Hemodialysis if severe

20
Q

Paracetamol poisoning- what happens?

Study These Flashcards
A

May cause fatal hepatic necrosis.

  1. Coverted to -> N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimeine (NAPQI)
  2. Normally inactivated by conjugation by gluathione.

Large overdose: gluathione is depleted
NAPQI binds covalently on liver membranes–> causing necrosis.
Marked necrosis: 15 tablets (7.5g) and death with 15g.

Best Liver guide severityD INR ot PT

21
Q

How do u manage paracetamol poisoning?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bloods: FBC, INR, ALT/AST, U+Es, glucose.
Gastric lavage or activated charcoal 50g if Presents within 1hr

Give IV NAC (N-acetylcysteine) in 5% dexteose

22
Q

Whats SE could NAC has?

Study These Flashcards
A

Urticarial rash
Angio oedema
Bronchospasms
Hypotension

Stopping infusion, giving antihistamine , restart infusion once reaction has settled.

23
Q

What do we do in NSAIDS ovedose?

Study These Flashcards
A

Symptomatic and supportive tx

24
Q

B blockers overdose?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bradycardia! Give Atropine or if resistant- IV glucagon proven to have a +ve inotropic effect on heart

25
Benzodiazepines overdose?
Give flumazenil 0.5mg IV + benzodiazepine antagonist if breathing depressed
26
What hapoens in opioids overdose? Give examples
Diamorphine (heroin) , codeine, buprenorphine, --> physical dependancy - acute withdrawal sx Profuse: sweating, tachycardia, dilated pupils, leg cramps, Diarrhoea, Vomitting --> give methadone (pharm prepanof opioid) Overdose:pinpoint pupil. Resp depression, coma, NALOXONE- opioid antagonist 1.2mg IV every 2mins until breathing adequate
27
What is the antidote of cocaina?
Nada
28
What about Lysergide?
LSD- potent hallucinogen- severe psychotic states in which life might be at risk. Even in overdose, severe physiological rcts do not seem to occur. Sedative, diazepam. Severe: phenothiazides.
29
Cocaina,?
Injection, inhalation (crack), ingestion Stimulates CNs, overodse: CVS+Resp depression Euphoria,magitation, tachycardia Diazepam for agitation B blovkers may exacerbate hypertenion Active cooling for hyperthermia
30
What is ecstasy?
Methamfetamine Dance drug SE: convulsions, hyperpyrexia, coagulopathy, rhabdomyalisis, liver, renal F, death. Tx: rehydration, diazepam for severe agitation, Hyperthermia: dantrolene
31
Why thenearly drinkingbin alcoholics?
To avoid withdrawal sx like sweating, nausea, agitation
32
What are the safe limits for alcohol?
21 units for M 14U for F 1 unit: 1 glass of wine, half a pint of beer. Increase risk >36 M, and >24 F
33
Whatbare some useful blood tests for alcohol abuse?
Elevated serum GGT + MCV. | To demosntrate high intake: blood and urine
34
What are some physical complications of alcohol abuse and dependance?
1. CVS- direct toxic effect- arrythmias and cardiomyopathies. 2. Neurological: acute intoxication-> ataxia, falls, head injuries, intracranial bleeds. Long term: polyneuropathy, myopathy, cerebellar degeneration,dementia and epilepsy ❗️
35
What happens in werinkes encephalopathy? Whats the Classic triad of WE? Werinkes
WE result of thiamine VitB1 deficiency so also in starvation and prolonged vomiting. Classic triad of WE- confusion, ataxia, ophtalmoplegia Last 2 less often. Usually- acute confusion, drowisness, pre-coma, coma. Thiamine short lived,mso daily doses might be needed. Give thiamine prior to glucose because glucose oxidation is a thiamine intensive process and may drive the last reserves of thiamine intracellulary, aggrevating the neurological effect. So at risk of precipitating it.m
36
Whats Korsakoffs syndrome?
Off survivors of WE 20% die and some survivors develop it. | Gross defect in short memory asc with confabulation (productioon of memories to fill in the gaps)
37
What other patients are at risk of WE?
Wt loss Signs of undernutrition Alcohol withdrawal requiring hosp admission
38
What are the alcohol withdrawal sx?
Early mild: 6-12hrs- tremor, N, sweating. Reduce diazepam dose. Mild: can be outpatients, as long as attends daily for meds and monitpring and social support. Later: 2-3D but can take up to 2W. Generalised tonic clonic seizures Delirium tremens with fever, tremor, tachycardia, agitation, visual hallucinations- pink elephants. URGENT TX ❗️‼️ After withdrawal, relapse is prevented. Local alcohol servises, psychiatry, 15mins counselinh. GABA analogue- oral acamprosate - reduces relapses by 50%. Naltrexone- opioid antagonist - modifies effects of alcohol by blunting its pleasurable effects and reducing its craving. Reduces relapse rate but not yet licensed in the UK.
39
What is the emergency management of delerium tremens?
Admit Treat or prevent WE by administration of B1 before glucose Treat infx Correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Prophylactic phenytoin if hx of fits 10-20mg diazepam, repeat if needed , or lorazepam 2-4mg Maintenance tx: diazepam 10mg every 6hrs, for 4 doses

Psych + gero -3-K (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions