T/F More than 90% of poisonings occur in the home and most involve only a single substance
T
Majority of exposures occur in what age group
Less than 6 years, almost all are unintentional; second peak in adolescence, primarily intentional hence more severe
ODOR - TOXIN: Bitter almonds
Cyanide
ODOR - TOXIN: Acetone
Isopropyl alcohol, Methanol, Paraldehyde, Salicylates
ODOR - TOXIN: Wintergreen
Methylsalicylate
ODOR - TOXIN: Garlic
Arsenic, thallium, organophosphates, selenium
OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Miosis
Opioids, organophosphates and other cholinergics, clonidine, phenothiazines, sedative-hypnotics, olanzapine
OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Mydriasis
Atropine, cocaine, amphetamines, TCAs, carbamazepine, serotonin syndrome, PCP, LSD, post-anoxic encephalopathy
OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Nystagmus
Phenytoin, barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics, alcohols, carbamazepine, PCP, ketamine, dextromethorphan
OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Lacrimation
Organophosphates, irritant gas or vapors
OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Retinal hyperemia
Methanol
OCULAR SIGNS - TOXIN: Poor vision
Methanol, botulism, carbon monoxide
CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Needle tracks
Heroinm PCP, amphetamines
CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Bullae
CO, barbiturates
CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Dry, hot skin
Anticholinergics
CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Diaphoresis
Organophosphates, nitrates, muscarinic mushrooms, aspirin, cocaine
CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Alopecia
Thallium, arsenic, lead, mercury
CUTANEOUS SIGNS - TOXIN: Erythma
Boric acid, mercury, cyanide, anticholinergics
ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Salivation
Organophosphates, salicylates, corrosives, strychnine
ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Dry mouth
Amphetamines, anticholinergics, antihistamine
ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Burns
Corrosives, oxalate-containing plants
ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Gum lines
Lead, mercury, arsenic
ORAL SIGNS - TOXIN: Dysphagia
Corrosives, botulism
Antidote: Acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine
Antidote: Organophsophate/Pesticides
Atropine, pralidoxime
Antidote: Arsenic, mercury, other metals
BAL (dimercaprol)
Antidote: Iron
Deferoxamine
Antidote: Digitalis
Digoxin-specific Fab antibodies
Antidote: Extrapyramidal symptoms
Diphen
Antidote: Lead, manganese, nickel
EDTA
Antidote: Methanol, ethylene glycol
Ethanol, Fomepizole
Antidote: Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
Antidote: Beta blockers, Caclium channel blockers
Glucagon
Antidote: Hypoglycemic agents
Glucagon
Antidote: Methemoglobinemia
Methylene blue
Antidote: INH
Pyridoxine
Antidote: Gyromitra mushrooms
Pyridoxine
Antidote: Narcotics
Naloxone
Antidote: Sulfonylureas
Ocreotide
Antidote: Physostigmine
Anticholinergics
Antidote: CO
O2
Antidote: Coumarin
Vitamin K