Poisons/Toxins

Question 1

2,4 Dinitrophenol

Answer 1

Found in Wood Preservation, illicitly used for weight loss

Increases Permeability of the membrane, decreasing proton gradient, and increase O2 consumption.

ETC continues, but ATP stops. Produces Heat

Question 2

Antimycin A

Answer 2

Directly inhibits Complex III

Inhibits electron transport, decreasing H+ gradient

Question 3

Arsenic

Answer 3

Inhibits Lipolic Acid (Cofactor for pyruvate and aketoglut dehydrogenase).

Leads to acquired PDH deficiency

Vomiting, Rice Water Stools, and Garlic Breath

Also, Neurologic Defects, Lactic Acidosis, and increase in alanine

Can be found in Inhalation injury

Carcinogenic: Angiosarcoma, Lung Ca, Squamous cell skin cancer

Tx: Ketogenic nutrients: High Fat, and Luceine/Lyseine

Antidote: Penicillamine, Dimercaprol (BAL), and succimer

Question 4

alpha amanitin

Answer 4

Inhibits RNA Polymerase II (mRNA)

Severe hepatotoxicity

Question 5

Aspirin Overdose

Answer 5

Increases Permeability of the membrane, decreasing proton gradient, and increase O2 consumption.

ETC continues, but ATP stops. Produces Heat

Tx: NaHCO3. Alkalanize the Urine

Question 6

CO

Answer 6

Directly inhibits Complex IV

Inhibits electron transport, decreasing H+ gradient

Tx: 100% O2 or Hyperbaric O2

Question 7

Cyanide

Answer 7

Directly inhibits Complex IV

Inhibits electron transport, decreasing H+ gradient

Can be from Nitroprusside

Antidote: Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

May use induced methemglobin to treat cyanide poisiong (increase affinity for cyanide)
Done by nitrates followed by thiosulfates

Question 8

Oligomycin

Answer 8

Inhibits ATP Synthase

Increase H+ gradient, but no ATP

Question 9

Rotenone

Answer 9

Directly inhibits Complex I

Inhibits electron transport, decreasing H+ gradient

Question 10

Thermogenin

Answer 10

Increases Permeability of the membrane, decreasing proton gradient, and increase O2 consumption.

ETC continues, but ATP stops. Produces Heat