PolGov Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Human beings are political animals is by?
A
Aristotle
2
Q
He is a ______ _______ with the power of speech & moral reasoning
A
Social creature
3
Q
Is naturally sociable
A
Man
4
Q
Status of being a member of a body politic, owing allegiance to & entitled to reciprocal protection from its government
A
Citizenship
5
Q
The principle where the citizenship is determinedor acquired by the nationality of both parents
A
Jus Sanguinis
6
Q
The principle where the citizenship is acquired by being born within the territory of the state
A
Jus soli/jus loci
7
Q
Citizenship maybe lost through both
A
Voluntarily & involuntarily
8
Q
a. Naturalization in a foreign country
b. Expressed renunciation of citizenship; subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution and laws of a foreign country;
c. By rendering service to, or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country
A
Voluntarily
9
Q
a. By cancellation of certificate of
naturalization by the court;
b. By having been declared by competent authority, a deserter of the armed forces of the Philippines in times of war.
A
Involuntarily
10
Q
A person with full membership in the body politic upon which rest the primary responsibility of organizing and controlling the nation.
A
Citizen
11
Q
Enjoys full civil & political rights & accorded with protection inside and outside the territory of the state
A
Citizen
12
Q
If you are a citizen of the Philippines, you can
A
a) Own business
land and
b) Practice profession
c) Participate in elections
13
Q
The citizen of the Philippines without having to perform any met to acquire or perfect his or her citizenship
A
Natural- born citizen
14
Q
The act of formally adopting a foreigner in the political body of the state of clothing him or her with the rights of a privileges citizenship
A
Naturalization
15
Q
Requirements for naturalization:
A
• Resided in the country at least 10 years
• Not convicted in any crime during this period
• Owns real estate worth not less than Php5,000 or have a lucrative business, profession, or lawful occupation
• Able to speak Tagalog, English, Spanish
• At least 21 years old during the Hearing Petition
• Good moral character
• Believes in the Constitution
16
Q
Disqualification for naturalization
A
• You are a troublemaker
• You did not mingle with Filipinos
• You belong to a country with whom the Philippines does not see eye to eve
•You belong to a group that opposes the Philippine government
• You convicted a crime of moral turpitude
• You suffer from mental alienation
• You suffer from incurable contagious disease
• Your home country is at war with thePhilippine Government 19
17
Q
A citizen who by choiceundergoes judicial processof acquiring a new citizenship
A
Naturalized citizen
18
Q
It is a citizen who is residing or passing through another country. He is not given full rights to citizenship such as the right to vote and hold public office, but is entitled to receive protection as to his/ her person and property
A
Alien/Foreigner
19
Q
A membership of any class or form of political community. It does not necessarily include the right or privilege of exercising civil or political rights
A
Nationality
20
Q
Man is born tree and everywhere, he is in chains
A
- Jean Jacques Rousseau
21
Q
Politics is the exercise of ______
A
power
22
Q
Politics is the ______ ____________ of things that are valued
A
public allocation
23
Q
Politics is the resolution of _______
A
conflict
24
Q
Politics is the competition of __________ and _______ pursuing their own interests.
A
individuals, groups
25
________ is the determination of who gets, what, when and
how.
Politics
26
Politics is the process through which ______ and _________ are used in the promotion of certain value and interest.
power, influence
27
Political processes
- Elections, impeachment, legislation, etc.
28
Political institutions
- Congress, supreme, court, bureaucracy
29
Individuals
Voter, taxpayer, government officials, etc.
30
Groups
Political parties/ groups, associations
31
"the capacity of an actor to compel or influence other actors to alter their behavior or to do what they would not do otherwise."
Power
32
Two species of power:
Authority & influence
33
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE OPERATION OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS
Separation of powers, system of check & balance, blendingof powers
34
A principle that confines legislative powers to the legislature, executive powers to the executive, judicial powers to the judiciary.
Officers are entrusted with the exercise of each power and should not encroach upon the powers confined to others.
Separation of powers
35
One department is given the authority to check the possible excesses of other departments so that they will only exercise the powers entrusted to them.
System of check and balance
36
There are instances when the powers of the government blend together in the exercise of governmental power
Blending of powers
37
FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE
Police Power, Power of Eminent Domain (a.k.a. power of expropriation), Power of Taxation
38
The power promoting the public welfare by restraining and regulating the use of liberty and property. It is the most pervasive and most extensive in its effects. It may be exercised as long as the aclivily or properly sought to be regulated has some relevance to the public welfare.
Police Power
39
The power that enables the state to acquire private property upon payment of just compensation for some intended public use.
Power of Eminent Domain (a.k.a power of expropriation)
40
The power that enables the state to demand from the members of the society to give share or contribution in the maintenance of the government. Tax is referred to as the "lifeblood of the nation.”
Power of Taxation
41
Refers to the various ways through which social life is coordinated
Governance
42
• United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP): the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the management of the country's affairs at all levels.
Governance
43
• In public sector, governance extends beyond traditional players and looks at the development of non-state actors like business, media, civil society and others.
Governance
44
Government is a social institution that exercises authority; the instrument that provides mechanisms in
determining,
formulating
and
implementing the policies of the State.
Government
45
Is said to be temporary
Government
46
Composed of few select citizens
Government
47
Has derivative powers
Government
48
Has different types & forms
Government
49
Functions of the government
1. Constituent functions 2. Ministrant functions
50
These are the basic functions of the government such as: 1) keeping the order and providing for the protection of the persons and property from violence; 2) lixing legal relations belween husband and wife; 3) punishment of crime, administration of justice in civil cases: 4) dealing of the state with foreign powers, and among others.
Constituent functions
51
Undertaken to advance the general interests of society such as public works &public charity, regulation of trade & industry; however, execution of these functions may be optional
Ministrant functions
52
A) According to the Number of People who Rule or Participate in the Exercise of Sovereignty
B) According to the Status of those who hold the Reign of the Government
C) According to the Relationship Between the Executive and the Legislative
D) According to the Division of Powers
CATEGORIES OF THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
53
ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATIVE
1. Presidential Government
2. Parliamentary Government
54
The form of government in which the executive is independent from the legislature.
Presidential Government
55
There is separation of the legislative and executive powers. Legislature cannot interfere in the executive and vice versa.
Presidental Government
56
The executive is a member of the legislature and is subject to control. The executive discusses upon the legislature the complete control of the administration of the law
Parliamentary Government
57
According to the Division of Powers
1. Unitary Government
2. Federal Government
58
The central or national government is supreme, possessing complete governmental powers.
Unitary Government
59
The powers possessed by the locacl government units are delegated from the national government which can be withdrawn anytime.
Unitary Government
60
There is a division of governmental powers between the national government and local government or constituent units and such division are specified in the constitution.
Federal Government
61
Local governmen units are autonomous from the national government they have inherent powers which the national government cannot take away.
Federal Government
62
“THE RIGHTS HELD BY ALL PERSONS EQUALLY, UNIVERSALLY AND FOREVER”
Real
63
According to UN, ________ _______ are the rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, status.
human rights
64
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR) Derives it strength from the UN charter, Art. __
55
65
Article 55: Universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to ____, ___, _________, or _________.
race, sex, language, religion
66
Human rights violation is also known as
crimes against humanity
67
refer to specific crimes committed in the context of a large-scale attack targeting civilians, regardless of their nationality. These crimes include murder, torture, sexual violence, enslavement, persecution, enforced disappearance, etc.
Crimes against humanity
68
The ______________ __________ _______ in the Hague prosecutes those accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.
International Criminal Court
69
A set of rules which seek for humanitarian reasons, to limit the effects of armed conflict
International Humanitarian Law
70
International Humanitarian Law is also known as?
Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)
71
International Humanitarian Law is based on a different legal systems:
1. Geneva Law
2. Hague Law
72
Geneva Law is concerned mainly on the protection of the ________ __ ____
victims of war
73
What are the categories of people who are protected by the Geneva Law?
1. Civilians who are wounded and sick on the ground
2. Civilians and sick on the shipwrecked
3. Sick combatants
4. Prisoners of war
74
Focused on the limitations of the means and methods of warfare
Hague Law
75
What are the classes of rights?
1. Natural Rights
2. Constitutional Rights
3. Statutory Rights
76
Classification of Constitutional Rights
1. Political
2. Civil
3. Social and Economic
4. Rights of the Accused
77
The rights of the citizens which give them power to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or administration of the government
Political rights
78
The rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness.
Civil Rights
79
These are the rights intended to ensure the well-being and economic security of the individual.
Socia and Economic
80
Rights intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime
Rights of the Accused
81
condensed version of the UDHR
The Bill of Rights
82
The Bill of rights is a declaration and enumeration of the individual _______ and privileges, which the constitution is designed to protect.
rights,
83
It is also the charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the state.
The Bill of Rights
84
What is a political idealogy according to Cranston?
A form of social or political philosophy
85
A system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and change it.
Political Ideology
86
A comprehensive set of collectively held ideas, beliefs and attitudes about society (social, political & economic institutions & processes) which is promoted in order to justify a certain type of political action.
Political Ideology
87
Have an explantory function they provide explanations for the facts and problems of the social life, so enabling individuals and groups to orientate themselves in the society
Ideology
88
More or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for ___________ ________ ________, whether it is intended ro preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power.
organized political action
89
In a nutshell, political ideologies are a set and system of _______, _________, _________, and _________ of an individual, group or society which serve as a guide, a blueprint for a certain political action that will govern the society, communities, and the people within to create some greater and meaningful changes.
ideas, beliefs, values, interests
90
1. It explains how society and politics are organized and how various aspects of politics work.
2. It evaluates whether a certain political action or program is good or bad.
3. It orients those who subscribe to it to have a sense of identity and direction.
4. It provides a program or plan of action that will bring about political change.
Four Key Functions of Ideologies
91
What is Political Culture according to Lucian Pye’s definition
“political culture is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments, which give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system".
92
Left and Right distinctions of ideologies
Political Spectrum
93
The terms “___” and “______” trace their origins to the French Revolution and the seating arrangements adopted by the different groups at the first meeting of the Estates-General in 1789.
left, right
94
Supporters of the King sat to his right, while radicals, the members of the Third Estate, sat to his left.
Left and Right Distinctions of Ideologies
95
left” became a label for “______________” or “____________” sympathies
revolutionary, egalitarian
96
The term “right” for “____________” or “____________” (Heywood, 2003).
reactionary, monarchist
97
A powerful tool in shaping how society is organized and how it functions.
Ideas can provide different perspectives and opinions which may contribute into a solution (even it is not the proper/ ideal one).
It offers an analysis of the status quo by examining what works and what does not work; (b) it evaluates alternatives to the status quo and prescribes a preferred or desired social order; and (c) it specifies the means by which the preferred or desired social order can be achieved.
Roles/Funtions of Political Ideologies to Communities
98
Economic and social inequality considers undesirable and seeks to establish a society that provides opportunities for growth to all individuals upholds the recognition of human rights
Liberalism
99
Advocates government regulation of the economy, income distribution, and the promotion of the social welfare; seeksto implement socialist reforms in society within the framework of a democratic government and capitalist economy; envisions the establishment of a socialist state through legal, non-violent means.
Social Democracy
100
Envisions the establisment of a state characterized by public ownership of resources and the means of production.
Socialism
101
The most extreme of the ideologies on the left as it advocates a total dismantling and elimination of the state.
Anarchism
102
Common ideas in Liberal Political Ideologies: Uphold ________, government regulation of economic activities and resources, and recognition of individual rights and freedoms.
equality
103
Based on laissez-faire economics which upholds free markets and trade liberalization; government must not intervene in the activities of the market and capitalists.
Neoliberalism
104
Upholds a strong, stable government and firm implementation of laws. Conservatives value continuity in tradition and are more nationalistic, religious, and moralistic in their political views; views the existence of a free market with limited intervention of the government prefers strong military and advocate a strong presence in international affairs. Seeks to maintain status quo
Conservatism
105
Advocates a return to the “old ways”. Present society is seen to be flawed and looks to the past which they consider more orderly and better time.
Reactionism
106
Based on fierce nationalism and authoritarianism.
Fascism
107
Advocates a very strong central government, with many of the aspect of democratic government subject to restrictions.
Fascism
108
Centered on dictatorship
Fascism
109
Political opposition and dissent is suppressed
Fascism
110
Common ideas of conservative political ideologies
Uphold a strong government, strict adherence to laws and traditional values, and the welfare of the state above the indiviual
