Police Ethics

Question 1

What are the three types of power that the police can use

Answer 1

Exhortation

Reciprocity

Coercion

Question 2

Everything the officer does hinges on the understanding of

Answer 2

the basis or right conduct or ethics

Question 3

Breaking procedural law in order to enforce substantive law refers to

Answer 3

noble cause corruption

Question 4

what is the paradox of police para militarism

Answer 4

while almost everything about paramilitarism is bad for police community relations under certain limited circumstances such as riots it is necessary

Question 5

what makes us different from all other species

Answer 5

our norms rules and laws (our ethics)

Question 6

what are the two types of justice

Answer 6

substantive and procedural

Question 7

Under Kants Ethical formalism, the whole moral worth of an act comes from

Answer 7

the nature of its motivation and not from what the act brings about (its consequences)

Question 8

Katns Ethical Formalism and the Categorical Imperative are consistent with the philosophy of

Answer 8

Absolutism

Question 9

Taking the utilitarian perspective, when judging what is the right or wrong thing to do in life, only criterion to be considered is

Answer 9

the good or evil 9the consequences) a choice would bring into the world

Question 10

which of the following criticisms of utilitarianism is perhaps the most troublesome for police officers since it involves one of the central roles the police play in society. that role is:

Answer 10

deterring criminal activity

Question 11

How does mills’s harm principle translate into police work

Answer 11

police officers ought to leave people alone; not take official action, as often as possible when no one is directly harmed

Question 12

which of the following theories of crime causation can be a problem in police circles

Answer 12

rational-choice theory

Question 13

which of the following is cited as central to the problems of police corruption of authority and police crime

Answer 13

Greed and opportunity

Question 14

The law enforcement code of ethics is described as aspirational. An ideal model of what the profession should be like and how the professional should behave its strength lies in

Answer 14

its idealism

Question 15

Beneficence is

Answer 15

the prima facie obligation to do good

Question 16

according to page 7, Historically, police officers have been particularly prone to think that ____ has nothing to do with real life on the streets

Answer 16

philosophy

Question 17

according to page 25, Unfortunate, many people, both inside and outside of police work, hold a concept of ____ that is exactly the opposite of what those in the field should be working towards.

Answer 17

professionalism

Question 18

according to page 36, first, recall that the police of today already possess a systematized ____

Answer 18

body of knowledge

Question 19

according to page 56, the police subculture is known for its _____

Answer 19

solidarity

Question 20

according to page 70, Durkheim was able to determine through studying suicide notes and interviewing loved ones left behind that people who commit suicide almost invariably believe that they do not hold values that are held by their peers. this feeling leads the individual to suffer from a profound identity crisis. He labeled this problem to be _____ or a feeling or normlessness

Answer 20

anomie

Question 21

according to page 93, Police officers cannot solve all the problems of the world that are created because of diverse opinions, experiences, and possibilities. But they can and must attempt to deal ____ with the conflict that arises

Answer 21

fairly

Question 22

according to page 108, When we recognize that we have done something wrong that is of moral consequences to another, we not only feel bad for them, we feel ___

Answer 22

remorse

Question 23

according to page 127, For Kant, ____ not the goodness brought into peoples lives- is the most important feature of morality

Answer 23

rationality

Question 24

according to page 145, Utilitarianisms focus on ____ suggests this immorality can be overlooked in the name of doing good (deterring criminality) for the majority”

Answer 24

deterrence

Question 25

According to page 170, A basic principle of what scholars label the morality of law that for a criminal statute to carry moral authority it must be

Answer 25

specific

Question 26

according to page 180, more that 50 yrs ago, sociologist ____ suggested that police work was something between a blue collar type or trade and a white collar profession

Answer 26

Jerome Skolnick

Question 27

according to page 199, the first and most obvious examples of personal misconduct of concern to us in police

Answer 27

off-duty

Question 28

according to page 218, ineptitude is often the product of inadvertent _____

Answer 28

incompetence

Question 29

according to page 239, Finally, a growing dynamic throughout Americal, and unfortunately not often utilized in the world of policing, is the idea of ____

Answer 29

no fault discipline

Question 30

according to page 254, Focusing on the specific circumstances of the individual incident, police officers, operating as ____, have to acknowledge that what is fair, just, and (even) legal in dealing with such details will never be quite the same

Answer 30

utilitarians

Question 31

according to page 14, Because it comes with its own ____ (that of getting the job done), noble cause corruption finds support in the hearts and minds of many contemporary police officers,

Answer 31

internalized rationalization

Question 32

according to page 27, To fight the corruption and incompetence that existed in many police circles, strict controls were placed on police officers and police organizations _____ were tightened. Uniforms and a more military look were sharpened up

Answer 32

chains of command

Question 33

According to page 47, But the law is often of ____ utility to the police

Answer 33

marginal

Question 34

according to page 65, All norms, rules, and laws are supposed to be in the best interest of ____

Answer 34

society

Question 35

according to page 85, Our movement of understanding is onward, in the direction of ____ "Golden Mean"

Answer 35

Aristotle

Question 36

According to page 101, Throughout this work, we have stressed that ____ is the most critical aspect of ethical conduct

Answer 36

character

Question 37

according to page 118, similar to this idea that principles of absolute duty comes from a god that has a humantype personality, is the school of ____

Answer 37

natural law

Question 38

according to page 137, the ____ school began with the principle that a person should act in a way that would create the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Answer 38

humanist

Question 39

according to page 154, ______ notion about allowing the individual to make calculations about consequences would tend to turn police of America loose to become involved in Khadi justice

Answer 39

mills

Question 40

according to page 174, One of the classic victimless crimes is _____

Answer 40

drug use

Question 41

according to page 193, ____ involves proactive, systematic, organized payoffs

Answer 41

meat eating

Question 42

according to page 208, Crime is the product of the ____ of individuals combined with opportunities presented by life's circumstances

Answer 42

greed

Question 43

according to page 225, As is true with teachers and coaches, the most important leader in the life of the individual police officers is ______

Answer 43

the immediate supervisor, sergeant

Question 44

according to page 248, A common criticism of an ethical code is that it is driven by _____

Answer 44

platitudes

Question 45

According to page 266, Psychologist ____ studied the development over time of morals and critical thinking

Answer 45

lawrence kohlberg

Question 46

What can be considered to be the centrally most import element of police misconduct in todays world

Answer 46

The Dirty Harry problem

Question 47

That the motives or purposes that lie behind what we do are just as applicable to others as they are to us in what makes out actions

Answer 47

moral

Question 48

To the followers to ethical formalism (Emanuel Kant), being ethical is something that everyone should do because

Answer 48

reason requires it of us

Question 49

That characteristic of wholeness, unity and completeness that means a person is well rounded in his or her approach to life is the definition of

Answer 49

integrity

Question 50

Which of the following may be the most elementary and most prevalent moral aspect of how people get along with each other as well as the condition for the development of most other moral concepts

Answer 50

justice

Question 51

most of the time, under most circumstances, thee discretionary decisions of police officers are accountable to

Answer 51

the personal ethical standards of the individual police officer

Question 52

as americans, we are born and raised with an appreciation for democratic rule. One of the principles most dear to us is that of majority rule. But utilitarianism presents us Americans with a particularly thorny problems

Answer 52

what about the rights of the minority

Question 53

In a country that respects the rule of law, there are absolute requirements regarding elements of a crime and PC. The right of habeas corpus, written into our constitution, puts those requirements about legal specificity into one our most basic legal principles

Answer 53

a person has to be charged with a particular crime to be set free

Question 54

often police officers must decide whether to invoke the law, to arrest, and or to become involved in solving problems that might otherwise be solved if people were simply left alone. When this occurs, it serves the police will to remember Mills and to ask themselves

Answer 54

whether or not someone is directly harmed by the actions of another

Question 55

The authors "Ethic to live" is

Answer 55

Maximize the good in a just way

Question 56

Two questions must be asked of police misconduct for us to fit such misbehavior in the typology of misconduct: Was the misconduct done in the name of personal gain and

Answer 56

did the misconduct involve the use of the police officers position of authority

Question 57

which of the following police review sys. is regarded as the best

Answer 57

the hybird sys. which balances between civilian review and internal review

Question 58

it is never enough that our actions simply conform to what is right. They must be done for the right reason. Only that action that would be applicable to everyone in a similar situation can be called reasonable, and not self centered or arbitrary. this is called

Answer 58

the categorical imperative

Question 59

The police have three basic sets of functions and roles: law enforcement, order maintenance and

Answer 59

services

Question 60

today, absolutist theories are most prominently represented by

Answer 60

ethical formalism

Question 61

what is an absolutist approach

Answer 61

they duty to always obey the law no matter what the circumstances

Question 62

Utilitarianism is democratic in a sense. Utilitarians believes that, in deciding ethical questions, a calculation is made regarding

Answer 62

the best means to desired end and which choice would maximize the good for the greatest

Question 63

what are the conditions that gives rise to excessive force

Answer 63

The Dirty Harry syndrome poor training racism

Question 64

list the types of police stereotyping

Answer 64

They use organizational shortcuts such as radio codes/penal and vehicle code sections They normalize crime by attaching a # to it Dealing with the constant possibility of violence, they look for symbolic assailants

Question 65

police officers are particularly prone to be confronted with ethical ?'s and ethical dilemmas in their professional lives. The first reason is that police work is all about making critical decision about other peoples lives, the second

Answer 65

police officers are often faced with conflicting interests

Question 66

the ethical police officer must be driven by the realization that the ____ type of power is a last resort

Answer 66

coercion

Question 67

the idea that a police officers character is critical to the integrity of the justice system turns on one central reality

Answer 67

police officers possess a tremendous amount of discretionary decision making power

Question 68

the idea that people should act with moderation, behaving in ways that seek a norm between defects and excesses in personal conduct refers to

Answer 68

golden mean

Question 69

emotional intelligence, how police officers interact with the public, with criminal suspects, with superiors and with subordinates in the plice organizational structure, is the same as

Answer 69

social intelligence

Question 70

a major draw back(s) to Kants absolutist philosophy is that

Answer 70

it does not help with conflicting duties it cannot allow for reasonable exceptions minority rights can be sacrificed in the name of blind obedience to duty

Question 71

Muirs tragic perspective involves

Answer 71

police understanding that tragedy explains a great deal of deviant behavior

Question 72

The Fort Apache metaphor symbolizes the idea that

Answer 72

The police operate in an isolated reality, surrounded by the hostile savages of society

Question 73

in what way is character unlike personality traits and physical attributes

Answer 73

our character is learned not inherited

Question 74

the two most important individual characteristics a person (or police officer) can actively work on in an effort to live a good life are: be who he or shy really is and

Answer 74

be the way they are deliberately

Question 75

ineptitude is often the product of inadvertent incompetence. When this is the case, police leaders can treat ineptitude

Answer 75

what would the reasonable person/officer do

Question 76

what better little phrase could there be for a contemporary sergeant to utilize to help with his or her focus when dealing with subordinates and their key role as ethical advisor than

Answer 76

teach and persuade

Question 77

the criteria of evaluation for police review system

Answer 77

integrity legitimacy learning cost

Question 78

What are some of the weaknesses of IA review

Answer 78

it operates completely in secret it suffers from the perception - externally- that it is unfair to citizens it may conduct investigations w an inappropriate deference to subcultural values

Question 79

what are the characteristics of victimless crimes

Answer 79

consenting participants on both sides of the criminal act an ongoing demand for goods/services that are provided significant amounts of official corruption due to high profits and the absence of witness/complaining parties when officials interact with criminals

Question 80

Police officers must answer to all of the following

Answer 80

the law the community professional regulations