policies towards the jews; 1940-41 Flashcards
(53 cards)
What did Hitler win in October 1940?
A series of Blitzkrieg victories in the west, defeating France and leaving Britain isolated.
What planning did Hitler start in October 1940?
Detailed planning for the conquest of the USSR, known as Operation Barbarossa.
When did Hitler launch Operation Barbarossa?
In June 1941.
Which territories of the USSR did German armies occupy?
Those in eastern Poland, the Baltic States, western Russia and Ukraine.
How did the war in the east differ to that of the fighting in the west for Germany?
The east was a war of racial annihilation, one of savagery. It was on a completely different scale than the relatively civilised struggle in the west.
How many Soviet Jews were brought under German rule in 1941?
More than 3 million.
How had the war against the Soviets been brutal?
Hitler had issued instruction to eliminate the ‘Bolshevik-Jewish intelligentsia’.
However, there’d been no instruction to kill all Soviet Jews, but the troops saw the killings as part of their overall mission, shown in Goering’s issue to kill communist commissars and Jewish sympathisers.
What pressure did the war with the Soviets put upon Hitler?
To deal with the Jewish question.
What further measures isolated the Jews by late 1941? [3]
- Radios were confiscated from Jews. Had been banned from buying in November 1939. A month later banned from buying chocolate.
- Jews were excluded from wartime rationing allowances for clothing and shoes in 1940. In July they were limited to times in which they could enter shops.
- 1941 Jews were required to have police permit to travel. December 1941 meant that Jews in Germany were required to wear a yellow star of David, which had already been applied to occupied territory Jews.
When and where was the first ghetto set up?
In February 1940 in Lodz, the 2nd biggest city in Poland.
How many Jews were living in Lodz in 1940?
Around 320,000.
Where were most Jews in Lodz placed?
In accommodation in a closed ghetto where they later had to build a surrounding wall themselves.
What responsibility was given to the Jewish Council of Elders? [6]
- Food
- Health
- Finance
- Security
- Accommodation
- Registration
What happened to the homes of Jews who were sent to ghettos?
They were confiscated, most Jews had to sell their valuables to survive.
What did the Nazis do to supplies for the ghettos?
They restricted the amount of food and medical supplies that entered the overcrowded ghettos.
How many people shared an average room in the ghettos?
Around 6.
How many people lived in an average apartment in the ghettos?
15.
What types of diseases spread rapidly in the ghettos?
- Lice infestations
- Spotted fever
- Typhus
- Typhoid
- Tuberculosis
What black market was there in the ghettos?
One that smuggled food in from the outside.
What did Jewish leaders in ghettos organise?
Prayers and religious festivals despite them being strictly forbidden.
What did Jewish elders in ghettos try to do? What were some accused of?
Those in authority acted responsibly and tried their best to relieve suffering, but some were accused of corruption or collaboration with the Nazis.
Where was the largest ghetto established in Poland?
In capital city of Warsaw.
What did Governor Hans Frank order Jews to do in October 1940?
He ordered the Jews to build a high wall around the walls of the Jewish Quarter of Warsaw, forming the ghetto.
The Jews paid for these construction costs.
When was the Warsaw ghetto completely sealed off from the rest of the city?
In November 1940.
