Policing & Punishment

Question 1

Organisations in the Criminal Justice System

Answer 1

• Police
• Crown Prosection Service (CPS)
• Courts
• Prisons
• Ministry of Justice (MoJ)

Question 2

Official Aims of CJS

Answer 2

• Deterrence - Stop/discourage future crimes
• Public Protection - incapacitate the criminal
• Retribution - revenge, proportionate/reasonable
• Rehabilitation - improve their outlook/prospects

Question 3

Changes to CJS since 1900

Answer 3

• 1900-1970 - increasing focus on rehabilitation
• 1970-2014 - increasing focus on retribution
• 2014-present - debate about future, evidence mounting about mental disorders, punishments not producing results, prisons filling up

Question 4

Left Realist view on Control of Crime

Answer 4

• People commit crime because they’re not attached to their community - don’t have means to succeed legitimately or the system incentivises them
• Should control it through education, understanding, and rehabilitation - none of the causes are under their control

Question 5

Right Realist view on Control of Crime

Answer 5

• People commit crimes because they choose to hurt others - easy, people are inherently individualistic, or part of an underclass - helps establish/protect boundaries
• Need harsher punishments - people understand that crime is wrong, boundaries can be protected
• We need to protect society from those who commit crime because they’re bad people

Question 6

Restorative Justice

Answer 6

• Discussions between stakeholders
• Everyone expresses feelings and agrees a way forward - usually offender makes up for damage and community accepts them
• Very successful approach for non-violent crimes
• 85% of victims involved in restorative justice said it was a very positive experience
• 14% recidivism reduction

Question 7

Halden Prison

Answer 7

• Humanity
• Normality
• Security
• Integration
• Norway has lowest recidivism rates in the world

Question 8

Hiercharchy of Need

Answer 8

1. Victim
2. Community Representative
3. CJS Representative
4. Criminal

Question 9

Newburn (2007): 5 Reasons for Punishing Criminals

Answer 9

1. Discourage them from reoffending and deterrence from future crimes
2. Force them to make awards for their harm
3. Protect society from those who are dangerous
4. Reinforce social valus and bonds
5. Punish them because they deserve

Question 10

Types of Punishment

Answer 10

• Fines
• Imprisonment
• Community Service
• Criminal Registers
• Probation