political concepts Flashcards
(20 cards)
power
The ability of an actor (state, group, individual) to influence the behavior of others or control outcomes in politics. (hard, soft, smart power)
sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern itself without external interference, controlling its territory and domestic affairs
legitimacy
The recognized right to rule, where authority is accepted as appropriate and justified by the population or international community
interdependence
A mutual reliance between states or actors where their actions affect each other economically, politically, or socially
human rights
Fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all people, such as freedom of speech, equality, and the right to life
justice
The principle of fairness and the protection of rights within society, including the fair distribution of resources and punishment of wrongdoing
development
The process of improving the economic, social, and political well-being of people, especially in poorer countries
globalization
The increasing interconnectedness and integration of states, economies, cultures, and populations worldwide
equality
The state of being equal in status, rights, and opportunities, without discrimination
sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often in environmental or economic contexts
peace
A state of tranquility or absence of conflict, both within and between societies or states
conflict
A serious disagreement or clash between states, groups, or individuals, which can be political, social, or military
GDP
Gross domestic product
Total value of goods and services produced in a country
LDCs
Least developed countries
Countries with low income, weak human assets, and economic vulnerability
HDI
Human development index
A measure of life expectancy, education, and income to assess development
Soft power
Influence through attraction, not force
Hard power
Influence through coercion (military or economic)
Multilateralism
Cooperation among multiple states
State vs non state actors
Governments vs other organised groups
Proxy war
Conflict supported by external powers
