Political & Economic Systems Flashcards
(49 cards)
What are the 4 industrial, political, and economic systems
capitalism, socialism, Karl Marx & communism, nationalism
industrialization
the deliberate expansion of a nations industrial capabilities, usually manufacturing, factories, mills, mechanized development, etc.
What is a characteristic of the industrial revolution
rapid, radical
3 outcomes of the industrial revolution
- mass migration into cities
- uprisings and big changes to the way of life for most
- Pollution
4 major industries that advanced in the industrial revolution
textiles, energy, ironmaking, machine tools
what are capital gains/profits?
returns the exceed costs in trade/commerce
what is vanguardism
system in communism where only a select few are considered class-conscious enough to control planning and policy in the government; undemocratic
what is a difference between democratic socialist and state socialism
- Social democracy allows for private enterprise
- social democracy relies on democratic institutions
3.
what are regulations
rules that govern economic and government poly, function as a way to keep the system fair and prevent exploitation and abuse.
why did employers use child labor during the industrial revolution
children could fit into machinery, children could be paid less, children were easily replaceable
state socialism, authoritarianism, and marx-leninism are similar
yes
Define globalization
Increasing interconnectedness between peoples and nations in terms of trade, culture, and society
Historically, it was the initial linkage of separate societies and civilizations; today, it represents continued interdependence.
What two components characterize something as a revolution?
RAPID and RADICAL
Change must be significant and it must happen quickly.
What is ‘divine right to rule’?
Belief that absolute rulers’ legitimacy comes from God and is unquestionable by anyone on earth.
Which monarch was overthrown in the French Revolution?
Louis XVI (16th)
He was indecisive, mismanaged a faltering economy, and suppressed resentment in the Third Estate.
Who are the three Enlightenment thinkers focused on?
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Hobbes believed people are naturally ‘bad’; Locke introduced ‘tabula rasa’; Rousseau thought people are naturally ‘good’.
What trends of migration emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
Rural migration to urban centers and cities
This was in search of work and financial prosperity.
Why did Britain and France fight in North America before the American Revolution?
Competition for resources, colonial territorial expansion, alliances with indigenous tribes
Notably, the fur trade (beavers).
Why was the Haitian Revolution significant?
Most successful uprising of enslaved persons in history
It was the only nation formed as a direct result of a slave rebellion.
Who was Simon Bolivar?
Military and political leader in central/south Americas
He fought to liberate numerous nations from Spanish colonialism and briefly united independent South American countries as Gran Colombia.
What is the basis of capitalism in terms of production and allocation of goods?
Capitalism is based entirely upon supply and demand of the free market.
Capitalism relies on market forces to determine prices and production levels.
How does socialism allocate goods?
Socialism allocates based on social needs and the ‘law of value’ theory.
This approach emphasizes meeting the needs of the community over individual profit.
What is the economic structure of communism?
Communism has a centrally planned economy dictated by the state.
In this system, the government makes all decisions regarding production and distribution.
How does capitalism treat private and personal property rights?
Capitalism prioritizes private and personal property as centrally important.
This emphasis on property rights is fundamental to capitalist economies.
