Political factors Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is divine right?
A theory of government that a monarch receives right to rule directly from God and not from the people
Which countries was Charles 1 king of?
- England
- Scotland
- Ireland
Did Charles 1 believe in divine right of kings?
Yes
Was Charles 1 an absolute ruler?
No he was restricted due to Parliament
When did Charles 1 become king?
27th March 1625
What was a problem for Charles when he ascended the throne?
- His father had fought with Spain. Parliament had granted taxes to fund it but wanted to discuss strategy (starting to challenge)
- Troops poorly equipped and bad weather and disease
- James died before he heard the news of failure so Charles had to deal with the consequences
Who was Charles 1 married to?
Henrietta Maria of France
What does impeachment mean?
A charge of misconduct made against the holder of a public office
What does Arminian mean?
Of or relating to Arminius or his doctrines opposing the absolute predestination of strict Calvinism
What power did Parliament have?
- Main source of power was money. King generally had to get parliaments permission to raise taxes.
- Did generally grant the Kings taxes only once they had said their grievances
- James 1 only called Parliament 4 times in 22 years and had a poor relationship with it
What were the main 3 functions of parliament?
- Taxation
- Impeachment
- Defence of common laws
Why did Charles relationship with parliament got off to bad start?
- Commons refused to grant Charles right to collect an excise tax.
- Mps suggested that a grant should be made for a year Parliament would be called regularly
Why were Parliament suspicious of Charles ‘Arminian’ tendencies?
- Offering a position in court and he promoted the Arminian clergy
- Difference in religion made people suspicious
How did foreign affairs contribute to the problems between Charles and Parliament?
- Planned war had failed in Spain with poorly trained and equipped badly troops.
- Parliament wanted to impeach Buckingham but Charles dissolved them
- Plague 1625
Why did Charles’s ‘forced loan’ further deteriorate their relationship?
He can get money without Parliament so he wouldn’t need to call Parliament
What grievance did the 1628 Parliament prioritise and what document did they produce to address it?
- Petition of rights which addressed that citizens would not have to pay forced loan
- Imprisoned without trial
- No free lodging for soldiers
- 5 knights arrested for not paying forced loan
How did Charles deal with the petition of rights?
Published a revised version of petition that asserted his right to do this without Parliament grant
- Accepted it but his written reply didn’t use correct words so not lawful status
- House of commons insisted correct form eventually gave it
- Reaction concerned commons so made more direct statement 3 resolutions (March 1629)
What happened to Buckingham and why did this lead to tension between King and Parliament?
Buckingham was assassinated on the 23rd August 1628 by a disgruntled discharged navy officer called John Felton in Portsmouth.
MPs celebrated and public celebrated with bonfires
What happened to the speaker in 1629 when he tried to adjourn Parliament?
- Day of adjournment group of MPs led by Denzil Holles and Sir John Elliot demanded the passing of 3 formal resolutions against growth of Arminianism.
- Speaker refused to delay it and they held him in his chair
What were the conditions of the petition of rights 1628?
- No taxation without Parliament consent
- No imprisonment without cause shown
- No billeting of soldiers or sailors upon householders without their will
- No martial law to punish ordinary offences by sailors or soldiers
when did Charles announce the dissolution of parliament?
10th March 1629
Didn’t call another until 1640
Known as personal rule
How did Charles raise money during his personal rule?
- Forest laws
- Selling monopoly
- Knighthood fines
- Ship levy
- Fine people who had over £40 who didn’t attend his coronation
What changes did Charles make to the church during the personal rule?
- William Laud archbishop of canterbury
- Restored churches to better quality (glorify god) more decorated
- More money spent on bishops/ priests robes
- Moved alter away + roped it off
this made him look catholic with more ‘fancy’ changes
Which people opposed the reforms of the personal rule?
- John Pym
- John Hampden
- Burton
- Bastwick
- Prynne
