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uk politics > political parties > Flashcards

political parties Flashcards

1
Q

conservative party origin

A

-established from the tory party in 1830s
-traditionally one nation in its ideology
-one nation was a evolution of traditional conservatism after the industrial revolution

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2
Q

what does preserving the status quo include

A

-supporting traditional isntitutions
-pragmatically dealing with issues whilst keeping the status quo
-institutions like the church are important so must be preserved to moderate society

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3
Q

the role of the state (conservative party)

A

-one nation conservatism is a paternalistic ideology

-the rich have the responsibility to look after the poor

-supports a Keynsian economy but if the government must intervene it will

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4
Q

where did Thatcher move the party to

A

a free market right wing ideology party

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5
Q

The New Right Movement

A

combined an orthodox conservative state with a neo-liberal state

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6
Q

orthodox conservative ideas

A

social policy, law and order

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7
Q

orthodox conservative ideas

A

social policy, law and order

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8
Q

neo liberal conservative ideas

A

free market, monetarism and less regulation

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9
Q

key parts of thatecherism

A

-argued importance of individual needs over society
-proposed a small state with reduced govt intervention
-endorsed business deregulation and redyced trade union powers

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10
Q

key parts of thatecherism

A

-argued importance of individual needs over society
-proposed a small state with reduced govt intervention
-endorsed business deregulation and redyced trade union powers

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11
Q

key parts of thatecherism

A

-argued importance of individual needs over society
-proposed a small state with reduced govt intervention
-endorsed business deregulation and redyced trade union powers

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11
Q

thacherism VS one nation

A

-one nation more pragmatic whereas thatcherism more assertive
-one nation favours small change whereas thatcherism favours radical changes
-one nation supports mixed economy whereas thatcher supports free market economy

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12
Q

conservative ideas ; economy

A

increase higher tax rate
increase personal allowings
cut corporation tax

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13
Q

conservative ideas; welfare

A

means-testing the winter fuel allowance
ending triple locke on pensions
structural change to the welfare system

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14
Q

conservative ideas; foreign policy

A

exit EU single market and customs union
increase budget of MoD
keep trident - nuclear deterrant

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15
Q

2010 conservative manifesto included

A

stronger economic management
replace HRA with a UK Bill of rights
accepting EU principles
harder exams and state controls over schools

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16
Q

what was the first aim of the Labour Party

A

to represent the working class and bring them into parliament

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17
Q

old labour ideas

A

belief in nationalisation
opposition to capitalism
belief in equality

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18
Q

what is clause IV

A

part of labours 1918 constituion which consists and outlines old labour ideas e.g. nationalisation

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19
Q

new labour ideas

A

reduced trade union power and decreased reliance on them for funding
moving away fromtraditional labour policy on taxes and spending
acceptance of devolution
reforming instituions
human rights act
constituional change

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20
Q

labour ideas; economy

A

fairer moreprogressive taxing system
invst in education andinstrastructure
expansionary fiscal policy
welfare state

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21
Q

labour ideas; foreign policy

A

promoting a global Britain during and after brxit
focused on human rights and resolution of conflicts
stop support of war
euroskeptic

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22
Q

which parties merged to form Lib Dem party

A

liberal party and social democratic party

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23
Q

when did Lib Dem form

A

1988

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24
Q

how many seats did Lib Dem win in1997

A

46 seats

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25
Q

when did Lib Dem begin to lose seats

A

2006 after Nick Clegg became leader

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26
Q

lim dem ideas : foreign policy

A

promote international co-operaton
vote on the final brexit deal
remaning in the single market

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27
Q

lib dem ideas : economy

A

support capital investment
increasing tax on corporations
encouraging a libing wage

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28
Q

lib dem ideas : welfare

A

making benefit system fairier for young and disabled people
reform benfits assessments
revserse cons policies that cut benefits for some people

29
Q

what is a dominant party system

A

where only one party has a realstic cha ce of winning political power

30
Q

single party system

A

only one political party exists and all others are banned

31
Q

two party systems

A

only two parties have a chance of wining and so power shifts between the two
the FPTP system is more likely to result in a two party sytems

32
Q

how has uk got a two party system

A

minor party support decreasing
-UKIP support has collapsed
-green party only have 1 mp in parliament

-labour and conservtaive have hi=gherst chance ofnforming governemnt

33
Q

3 functions of parties

A

Representation
Formulating policy
Foster participation

34
Q

Which act discussed party funding

A

Political party, election and referendums act 2000

35
Q

How much funding needs to be declared

A

Over £7,500

36
Q

Roles of parties

A

Representation
Recruitment
Participation
Governing
Formulating policy
Electoral function

37
Q

Who do labour rely on for funding

A

Trade unions e.g. UNITE donated £1.5 milliom

38
Q

Who do conservatives rely on for funding and why

A

Corporations due to pro business stance

39
Q

How much did each party spend in 2010 GE

A

Cons - £18m
Lab £11m
Lib Dem - £4

40
Q

What act was established to control funding

A

Political parties, elections and referendums act 2000

41
Q

What did the PPE&R Act 2000 establish

A

Ban on foreign donation
£20 million spending cap in general elections
No anonymous donations of £5000+
Submission of weekly funding reports

42
Q

3 reasons for state funding of parties

A

-Removes spectre of corruption from donations to major parties
-Helps minority party
-elections are democratic so funding should be fair

43
Q

3 reasons against state funding of parties

A

Raises question and diffculty of fair redistribution of money
Many may resent their taxes going to politicians
Freedom should mean option mot absolute requirement

44
Q

Structure of Labour Party

A

-directly assigned to local branch:responsibility to select candidates and send delegates to CLP
-CLP:organise party on constituency level but role diminish by OMOV
-NEC: oversee policy proposals, final say on parliamentary candidates, enforce party discipline

45
Q

What is the CLP

A

Constituency labour party

46
Q

Labour Party annual conference

A

Once the sovereign policy making body
Role diminished in the 1990s

47
Q

Cons local level organisation

A

Conservative Associations - help with administration of elections and campaigns

48
Q

Cons regional level organisation

A

Conservative parties in devolved regions
E.g. Scottish conservatives and welsh conservative oarty

49
Q

National level organisation - cons

A

National conservative convention
1922 committee
CChq
Board of the conservative party

50
Q

What is the 1922 committee

A

A committee for the private conservative members in the house of commons

51
Q

What does the NcC do

A

Make decisions for the voluntary party itself

52
Q

Conservative leadership appointment process

A

Emphasises MP power
Vote on candidates and whittled down to 2
Vote is then open to every single member of party
OMOV
Often popularity vote

53
Q

three theories of voting behaviour

A

sociological - linked to a member of a group e.g class
party identification - loyalty, tradition, family
issue voting - short term factors

54
Q

6 long term factors impacting voting

A

social class
gender
party loyalty
religion region

55
Q

voting - social class

A

until 1970 was stable, labour = working class,cons = middle/upper
class dealignment and ideological centralisation
in 2010 only 38% were class voters
in 1966 this was 66%

56
Q

voting - gender

A

traditionally women voted cons until 1990s new labour
in 2010 men were most likely to vote conservative wihtin the under 50s

57
Q

voting - party loyalty

A

declining and reflects declining membership levels
in 2005 only 10% claimed to have strong party identity
in 2005 there were 258,239 members of the Party. By the beginning of 2010 membership had fallen to 177,000. In the three years from 2010 to 2012 membership fell a further 44,000 to 133,000

58
Q

voting - ethnicity

A

in 2015 42% of ethnic minorities were more likely to vote labour

59
Q

voting - region

A

historically labour = north and cons = south
except central london being labour afilloiated

60
Q

6 short term voting factors

A

economic performance
policy
leadership
tactical voting
party image
campaigning

61
Q

voting - economic performance

A

labour suffered during the 20008 recession

62
Q

voting - leaders

A

blair - accomplished figure with good media presence
tahtcher - strong assertive leader
1990s - cons had bad public image May described as “nasty party”
labour struggle with perception that they are reckless with finances

63
Q

voting - campaigning

A

cons spent £78m in 2015 election, but may not be useful; in the newspapers especially those owned by Murdoch

64
Q

labour leader appointment process

A

require 20% of MP support
and 5% of of either constituency parties support
OMOV ballet
AV electoral system

65
Q

three similarities in leadership appointments

A

both have oMOV - not always been case as prior to 1998 only cons MPs could participate in their leadership elections and labour had EC system until 2015

candidates must be MPs but this is not the case for the Green Party

candidates require both support from MPs in their party
some mPs may be reluctant to support a challenge to the incumbent leader

66
Q

leadership appointment synoptic links

A

since mid 1970s PMs have taken office following a leadership election rather than a GE (Callaghan, major, brown, may, Johnson, truss) raises questions on democracy and how enfranchised the electorate are, does the PM who has not faced GE have the mandate to govern?

67
Q

old labour policies

A

nationalisation
redistribution of income and wealth
extended public sector
sought to modify capitalism

68
Q

new labour policies

A

abandoned clause iv
found a third way between Thatcherism and socialism
aimed to appeal to all classes
testing and controlling education

69
Q

multi party system - agree

A

small parties e.g SNP and Sinn Fein have grown in the devolved assemblies
in 2021 snap had 68/128 seats
cons and labour are not popular

uk political parties becoming more factionalised e.g. divisions over Brexit

2010 coalition

70
Q

multi party system - disagree

A

only parties able to form govt have been lab and cons
coalitions don’t show multi party system they show a decline in the majority party total popularity
minor parties only gain traction for singular issues

uk politics (13 decks)

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