Political Parties

Question 1

mandate

Answer 1

the right of the governing party to pursue the policies set out in their manifesto

Question 2

manifesto

Answer 2

the set of policies a political party promises to implement if elected to office

Question 3

Salisbury convention

Answer 3

the convention that the house of lords does not block or try to sabotage legislation that was promised in the party manifesto of the governing party

Question 4

ideology

Answer 4

the core beliefs and ideas of a political party

Question 5

butskellite consensus

Answer 5

the postwar consenus between labour and conservative that endured until the 1970s (thatcher).

after 1945 labour landslide and the establishment of the welfare state including the NHS the conservative party shifted towards the centre and accepted the bulk of labours social reforms

areas of consensus included joining the european economic community (EEC)

Question 6

one nation conservatism

Answer 6

associated with pm benjamin disraeli

focused on the duty to unite the nation by moderate social reform and patriotism\

the state should protect the vunerable through public services without penalising the rich through high income taxes

Question 7

one nation conservatism policy pledges of the current Conservative Party

Answer 7

maintain the triple lock on pensions

Question 8

buskellite consensus policy pledges of the current Conservative Party

Answer 8

extra funding for the NHS and 50,000 more nurses - acceptance and expansion of welfare state

Question 9

traditonal values (key policy of conservatives party) and policy pledges

Answer 9

focus on nuclear family etc
points based system on immigration
20,000 additonal police officer
keep voting age at 18

Question 10

thatcherism/neolibrealism

Answer 10

dominated the party in the 80s and 90s

promotes individual freedom especially economically

roll back on state support/welfare state

privitisation

Question 11

Thatcherism/neoliberal policy pledges in current Conservative Party

Answer 11

promise not to raise rate of income tax, VAT or national insurance

belief that everyone who can work should work and to continue rollout of universal credit and crack down on benefit fraud

Question 12

origin of the Labour Party

Answer 12

an alliance between members of the trade union movement and socialist movements with the inital aim to represent working men in parliament

Question 13

economic socialism strand of the Labour Party

Answer 13

a historic pledge to redistribute wealth for the many not the few

a commitment to the wealthfare state and nationlisation

corbyns manifestos pledged to renationalise many industries

Question 14

economic socialism pledges in current Labour Party

Answer 14

increase health budget by 4.3% - increase wealthfare state

renationalise the big six energy companies, royal mail, water industry and more.

scrap univeristy tuition fees (shift from new labour who introduced them)

Question 15

trade unionism strand of Labour Party

Answer 15

foundation of the Labour Party, to protect the right to strike

trade unions historically where the bulk of their funding however influence of unions decreased since 80s due to conservative anti-union policies by thatcher which new labour did not reverse

corbyn era brought back trade union influence as unite’s (uks biggest trade union) secretary general was close allies with corbyn

Question 16

trade unionism policy pledges in current Labour Party

Answer 16

repeal anti-union legislation including trade union act 2016 which introduced new restrictions on trade unions and their members as to how and when they could take industrial action, fund political parties, and conduct their duties.

Question 17

global internationalism strand of Labour Party

Answer 17

strand commited to nuclear disarment and peace aswell as resisting facism and racism worldwide

labours first PM macdonald was a pacifist during WW1

Question 18

global internationalism policies in current Labour Party

Answer 18

asylum seekers have the right to work

immgigration system built upon human rights

Question 19

new labour/third way socialism strand of the Labour Party

Answer 19

started by blair who’s intention was to modernise the labour party and shift it towards the centre to make it more electable

adopting thatcherite economics whilst retaining labours social values

Question 20

new labour/third way socialism policies in current Labour Party

Answer 20

raise minimum wage to £10 - make capitlasim more fair for all

Question 21

origins of the lib dems

Answer 21

founded in 1988 as a result of the merging of liberal party and social democrat party

Question 22

two key strand of lib dems

Answer 22

classical and new liberalism

Question 23

classical liberalism strand

Answer 23

seeks minimal state intervention as state is a barrier to freedom

self reliance and importance plays a bigger role than state

state is a nessecery evil

Question 24

new liberalism strand

Answer 24

socially compassionate

Question 25

party structure

Answer 25

the organistation of a political party and both local and national level

Question 26

local level structure of conservatives

Answer 26

local conservative associations

Question 27

local level structure of labour

Answer 27

each constituency has a constituency Labour Party (CLP)

Question 28

local level structure of lib dems

Answer 28

local branches

Question 29

local level policy making system of conservatives

Answer 29

local conservative association plays a large role in planning local campaining and selecting candidate

Question 30

local level policy making system of labour

Answer 30

constituency Labour Party takes lead in local and national election campaigns

Question 31

local level policy making system of lib dems

Answer 31

local branches take main role in running constituency level campaign and can submit motions to conference for debate

Question 32

national level structure of conservatives

Answer 32

national HQ is conservative campaign hq (CCHQ)

day to day running of party is by board of Conservative Party made up of reps from each section of the party including mps and local members.

Question 33

national level structure of labour

Answer 33

day to day running by national executive committee (NEC)

NEC enforces party discipline and can expel members for breaking rules

NEC has final say on selection of parliamentary candidates

NEC includes representatives from parliamentary party, trade unions, constituency labour parties, and young labour

Question 34

national level structure of lib dems

Answer 34

federal board is national governing body which includes party president, leader of party, mps, councillors and young liberals representatives and 15 members elected directly by party members

Question 35

national level policy making systems of conservatives

Answer 35

conservative policy forum which was set up in 1988 to enable grassroots participation in policy making

role is advisory not binding

Question 36

national level policy making systems of labour

Answer 36

until 1990s anual conference was sovereign policy making body but role has since diminished

Question 37

national level policy making systems of lib dems

Answer 37

motions debated and passed at conference become offical party policy

Question 38

party funding

Answer 38

the methods by which political parties raise money to finance their activities
(campaigning, advertising, policy research) most funding is via private donations and not the state

Question 39

political parties, elections and referendums act 2000

Answer 39

all political parties must registe with electoral commison and provide info on income and spending

30k only can be spent per constituency

must declare large donations (greater than 7.5k)

also regulates spending for national referendums and can isssue fines to those who break. leave party fined 70k for breaching electoral law

Question 40

key proposals to deal with party funding

Answer 40

MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTIONS
fairest and most transparent method of funding as large numbers pay small amounts howver not enough money is raised through this to fund national campaigns

INDIVIDUAL DONORS
all parties rely on generous individuals and institutions donating eg. GMB and UNITE trade unions donated over 3 million to labour in 2019

STATE FUNDING
based upon pence-per-vote