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ICP > Political Parties and Party Systems > Flashcards

Political Parties and Party Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are three problems with political parties?

A

-Ideological resistance of the role of political parties in the world
-Contemporary democracies and their performance is criticised because of the performance of political parties
-Emergence of new democracies in the 3rd wave

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2
Q

what is meant by “Ideological resistance of the role of political parties in the world”?

A

“We should minimise the role of political parties in politics”

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3
Q

Why did the Founding Fathers oppose establishing political parties?

A

-they saw them as decisive organisations against the public interests

-they believed that American MPs should serve the general will of the people, not the parties

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4
Q

what is meant by “Contemporary democracies and their performance is criticised because of the performance of political parties”?

A

elitism, corruption, embezzlement, incompetence, etc.

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5
Q

what is meant by “Emergence of new democracies in the 3rd wave”?

A

the role of political parties were not strong in new democracies (they look like but don’t function like political parties)

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6
Q

what are the three functions of political parties?

A
  1. Parties in the electorate
  2. Parties as organisations
  3. Parties in government
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7
Q

what is meant by “parties in the electorate” as a function?

A

mobilisation, representation, and education of citizens (about politics)

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8
Q

what is meant by “parties as organisations” as a function?

A

recruitment and training of political elites, articulation and aggregation of political interests

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9
Q

what is meant by “parties in government” as a function?

A

organisation and coordination of parliament and government

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10
Q

should parties have monopolies?

A

no, parties should not have monopolies, as “partocracy” rarerly works well

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11
Q

what are the important questions that need to be asked about the features of party organisations?

A

Where was the party formed?
How is the party organised?
Who are the party members?
Who pays for the party activities?

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12
Q

what are the different types of parties?

A
  1. Cadre Parties
  2. Mass parties
  3. Catch-All parties
  4. Cartel parties
  5. Business-firm & Entrepreneurial Parties
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13
Q

what are Cadre Parties?

A

-parliamentary origin
-small organisation
-members are elites
-personal donations

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14
Q

what is one example of a Cadre Party?

A

The Whigs (UK)

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15
Q

what are Mass Parties?

A

-extra-parliamentary origin
-large intensive organisation
-homogeneous membership
-membership fees

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16
Q

what is one example of a Mass Party?

A

Labour Party (UK)

17
Q

what are Catch-All Parties?

A

-evolution of existing parties
-large professional organisation
-heterogeneous membership
-private/corporate donations

18
Q

what is one example of a Catch-All Party?

A

CDU (Germany)

19
Q

what are Cartel Parties?

A

-evolution of existing parties
-professional organisation
-small membership
-state subsidies

20
Q

what is one example of a Cartel Party?

A

PSOE (Spain)

21
Q

what are Business-firm & Entrepreneurial Parties?

A

-extra-parliamentary or parliamentary origin
-minimal organisation
-minimal membership
-corporate money & state subsidies

22
Q

what is one example of a Business-firm & Entrepreneurial Party?

A

Forza Italia (Italy)

23
Q

until the 1960s, which party type was the most popular?

A

Mass Parties

24
Q

what are the different types of party systems?

A
  1. Two party systems
  2. Multi-party systems
  3. Party systems with dominant parties
25
Q

what are the different sub-types of Multi-party systems?

A
  1. Multi-party systems with alternating coalitions
  2. Multi-party systems with shifting coalitions
  3. Polarised Multi-party systems
26
Q

what are some characteristics of Two-party systems?

A

-two major parties
-single party governments
-%100 alternation in government (one party fully replaces another)
-elections are decisive

27
Q

what are some example countries with a Two-party system?

A

United States, United Kingdom

28
Q

What are some characteristics of Multi-party systems?

A

-multiple major parties
-coalition governments
-lack of full alternation in government

29
Q

what are Multi-party systems with alternating coalitions ?

A

-more than two major parties
-%100 alternation in government (one government fully replaces another)
-elections are decisive

30
Q

what are some example countries with a Multi-party system with alternating coalitions?

A

France, Sweden, Germany

31
Q

what are Multi-party systems with shifting coalitions?

A

-more than two major parties
-partial alternation in government
-elections are not decisive

32
Q

what are some example countries with a Multi-party system with shifting coalitions?

A

Netherlands, Belgium

33
Q

what are Polarised Multi-party systems?

A

-more than two major parties
-no alternation in government
-elections do not matter

34
Q

what are some example countries with a Polarised Multi-party system?

A

Italy until 1993, Weimar Republic

35
Q

what are party systems with dominant parties?

A

-one party controls parliament/government
-no alternations in government
-elections are not decisive

36
Q

what are some example countries with a party system with dominant parties?

A

South Africa, Botswana

37
Q

why do these different party systems emerge? what are their two main origins?

A
  1. how democracy first emerged in that country
  2. how many cleavages a country has
38
Q

why do party systems evolve into different types?

A
  1. political system collapses (Italy 1993)
  2. electoral system changes (France 1958)
  3. new political alliances form

ICP (12 decks)

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