political systems

Question 1

Politics

Answer 1

Art or science of influencing people on a civic or individual level

Question 2

politics (anth def)

Answer 2

How decisions are made
How rules for group behavior are established
How competition over leadership is regulated
How effects of disputes are minimized (conflict resolution)

Question 3

Political Anthropology

Answer 3

Study of law, order, conflict, and governance

Question 4

Two guiding foundational questions of Political Anthropology

Answer 4

• How and why did politics evolve?

* How do politics work in different societies and what is the role of individuals

Question 5

Key concepts 4

Answer 5

Authority (figures), Power (institutions), Ideology, and Control (institutions and social norms)

Question 6

Band

Answer 6

foragers
Example: Ju/’hoansi (Bushmen), inuit, san
No formal leaders
Leadership is achieved
Egalitarian: All members are equal in worth and social status

Question 7

Tribes

Answer 7

Pastoralim; horticulture
Kawelka, New Guinea
•	Low social stratification
•	Relatively egalitarian
•	Leaders are called Big Men (achieved)
•	Semi-sedentary
•	Higher population density than band

Question 8

Chiefdom:

Answer 8

agriculture, pastoralism, economic specializations
\: Natchez
•	Ascribed leadership
•	Central authority
•	Social stratification
•	Redistributive economy
•	Agriculture and specialization
•	Different access to resources
•	Military power
•	Ideological power backed by supernatural

Question 9

States

Answer 9

Agriculture, large- scale, specialized production
Definition: autonomous political unit encompassing many communities
Old World: Mesopotamia and Indus Valley
New World: Maya and Aztec

Question 10

states description

Answer 10

Formal gov
Complex social stratification (ascribed and achieved)
Institutional law, gov, and economy 
Population control
Judiciary
Enforcement mechanisms
Fiscal systems
High economic, military and ideological power

Question 11

Problems with Typology 3

Answer 11

Empirical: division between types are not distinct
Social organization is highly variable
Neglects history and contemporary realities

Question 12

Ongka’s Big Moka

Answer 12

video

Question 13

the san

Answer 13

relocated by gov

Question 14

the band

Answer 14

small nomadic seminomadic

Question 15

Village head

Answer 15

local tribsl leader with limited authority

Question 16

big man

Answer 16

a generous village entrepreneur with multi-village support

Question 17

Social status in chiefdoms

Answer 17

based on descent

Question 18

Leveling mechanisms

Answer 18

ex. insulting the meat
a practice that acts to ensure social equality, usually by shaming or humbling members of a group that attempt to put themselves above other members.
foundation of all egalitarian societies