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Political Theorists Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Hobbes view of human nature

A

Egotistic/selfish

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2
Q

What does Hobbes think of the state of nature

A

“solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”

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3
Q

What does Hobbes mean by an absolute sovereign?

A

Takes power from social contract not divine right, set up by indvs to escape violence

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4
Q

What does Locke believe about how the govt should run

A

based on consent of those it governs

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5
Q

What does Locke mean by natural rights

A

indvs equal born w certain “inalienable” rights, god-given, = life,liberty and property

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6
Q

What did Locke believe about the divine right of kings

A

rulers who fail to protect people’s rights should be removed by force if necessary

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7
Q

What did Lock believe about human nature

A

guided by tolerance and reason

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8
Q

What did Rousseau mean by the General Will

A

the good of the community as a whole most important, community above indv interests

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9
Q

What did Rousseau believe about human nature?

A

development of society had corrupted people’s natural goodness. People became vain but in the state of nature were good

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10
Q

What type of government does Rousseau prefer

A

Monarchy (strongest) aristocracy(most stable and in most states the preferable form) and democracy

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11
Q

What does Rousseau mean by the sovereign

A

Collective grouping of all people who by their consent enter into a civil society called the sovereign, the sovereign seen as the unified will

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12
Q

What does Mill believe about higher and lower pleasures

A

Higher pleasures better - stimulate though/spiritual whereas lower pleasures those that give instant gratification

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13
Q

What was Mill’s Harm Principle about

A

State only has the right to intervene in actions that are other regarding not self regarding

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14
Q

What are Mill’s three basic freedoms for society

A

Freedom of thought - provided we do not cause harm to others
Freedom of action - no harm to others
Freedom of association - individuals can form groups for collective pursuit of interests

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15
Q

What does Mill believe about Human nature

A

Positive, capacity for improvement, best learn about their opinions when challenged

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16
Q

What is Marx’s view of human nature

A

Contradiction between human potential and working in a capitalist society

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17
Q

What does Marx say about society

A

Class divided society, bourgeoisie and proletariat
Criticised capitalist economy

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18
Q

What does Marx say about class consciousness

A

Proletariat understand how capitalism works, and are aware of their mission to abolish it

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19
Q

What does Machiavelli think about morals?

A

Amoralist - someone who is quiet about morality in politics as opposed to renouncing morality in politics

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20
Q

What does Plato consider a just society

A

A harmonious society
All should live a just life, in order to do that basic economic needs should be met

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21
Q

What does Plato say about the division of labour

A

Human being by nature are unequal, so far as distribution of talents, each member carries out a particular duty

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22
Q

According to Marx, how is the transformation to a communist society to be achieved

A

violent revolution

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23
Q

In what, according to Mary Wollstonecraft, does mankind’s pre-eminence over the brute creation consist

A

capacity for reason

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24
Q

In Book 1.8 of the Social Contract Rousseau distinguishes three types of freedom or liberty. These are

A

Natural, civil and moral

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25
According to Hobbes, what is the source of a sovereign's right to rule, and what is the extent of its political power
Source is consent and the extent is unlimited
26
According to Plato, justice is "whatever is in the interest of ..."
everyone
27
According to Hobbes in Leviathan, what innate human faculty makes man want to escape from the state of nature
Fear
28
Who is Plato's mouthpiece
Socrates
29
Thomas Hobbes book
Leviathan 1651
30
What does Marx think about the state
Serves interests of ruling class Need for violent revolution (no parliamentary road) + replaced with dictatorship of the proletariat (class conscious workers)
31
How can Mill be said to be utilitarian
Believes in the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Utilitarianism - actions are right if they produce happiness, wrong if the opposite
32
What did Wollstonecraft believe about education
for education of men and women. Family, society + marriage would benefit from educated women
33
What did Wollstonecraft believe about socialisation
Women were socialised in a certain way, not that people were by nature one way or another.
34
What is Wollstonecraft's view of Human Nature
Men and women are equal given the same environment. Rationalism is key
35
What did Wollstonecraft think about society
Wasting its assets because it kept women in their domestic role and denied them economic independence
36
What did Rousseau believe about democracy
Direct democracy everyone voted to express the general will
37
Why are human violent according to Hobbes
Competition, diffidence and glory - gain what they desire, defend their gains and for their reputation
38
What does Machiavelli think about human nature
Self-interested and unreliable, stupid + irrational, incapable of knowing what is best for them
39
Main idea of Machiavelli's "The Prince"
Ruler needs to break w conventional morality to maintain rule
40
Why does Plato critique democracy
Argue governed by emotion not reason
41
What government does Plato consider just
Aristocractic
42
Who did Plato say should lead society
Philosopher Kings
43
Which of the following is the most important political value for J. S. Mill
liberty
44
Locke's Second Treatise of Government was written in which period of English history
Between the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
45
According to Hobbes, what is the standard of justice
Civil law
46
Machiavelli's virtu is a masculine principle that refers to
Prowess and Skill
47
Plato divides the people of his ideal state into three types or classes. These are:
Guardians, Auxillaries & Businessmen
48
According to Marx and Engels, in a capitalist society the main function of the state is what
Promote interests of ruling class
49
What type of feminism is Mary Wollstonecraft usually associated with
Liberal
50
Which of the following concepts do you associate with the political thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The General Will
51
According to Locke, the right to property is
Natural right
52
According to Marx and Engels in The Manifesto of the Communist Party, what are the basic component units of all societies so far
Social Classes
53
According to Locke, which of the following makes a government legitimate
Tacit Consent
54
Mill describes himself as a 'utilitarian.' Which of the following best represents this position
Act with regard to the best possible outcome
55
Niccolo Machiavelli book
The Prince 1513/32
56
Mary Wollstonecraft book
A Vindication of the Rights of Women 1792
57
John Jacques Rousseau book
The Social Contract 1762
58
J.S.Mills book
On Liberty 1859
59
Karl Marx book
The Communist Manifesto 1848
60
Plato book
Republic 380bc
61
John Locke book
Two Treatises of Government 1690
62
What context did Machiavelli write the Prince
just after forced to leave Florence (political exile), dedicated to Medici advice stay in power
63
What context did Hobbes write Leviathan
Response to fear Hobbes experienced during the English Civil Wars
64
What context did Locke write Two Treatises
Glorious Revolution - deposed James, brought William III and Mary
65
What context did J.S.Mill write On Liberty
defence of utiltarianism
66
What context did Wollstonecraft write Rights of Women
reaction to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution 1789
67
What context did Rousseau write the Social Contract
Enlightenment
68
What context did Marx write Communist Manifesto
Industrialisation
69
What context did Plato write the Republic
Golden age of Athenian democracy

Political Theory (1 decks)

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