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politics Flashcards

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1
Q

what percent of the vote did harding win in the 1920 election?

A

61%

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2
Q

in the 1924 election how many votes did coolidge get

A

15 million, in comparison to 8 million from davis

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3
Q

what percent of the vote did hoover win in the 1928 election?

A

58%

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4
Q

by december 1932 how many americans unemployed bc of WST?

A

12 million

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5
Q

what did hoover do to the federal spending in response to the WST?

A

doubled it

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6
Q

how many votes did roosevelt get in 1932?

A

22.8 million and the large majority in congress

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7
Q

who did roosevelt rely on for new ideas?

A

brain trust

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8
Q

what percent of the vote did roosevelt win in 1932?

A

61% and carried every state but two

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9
Q

what caused tension with congress in roosevelts second term?

A

him trying to reform supreme court made him seem like an imperial president, divided democratic party

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10
Q

what percent did roosevelt win in the 1940 election?

A

55 percent

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11
Q

what was a sign that the political field was moving to the right

A

1944 election

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12
Q

how did truman win 1948 election?

A

barnstorm tour

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13
Q

describe trumans personality

A

determined, unexpectedly decisive, took them to korea, minimal effort for civil rights

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14
Q

describe eisenhowers personality

A

exuded calmness, safe republican hands, was ill, previously commander in us army, trusted w korean war

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15
Q

what percent did eisenhower win in his re election in 1952?

A

55%

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16
Q

describe kennedys personality?

A

first tv generated president, charasmatic, young, charming, maybe inexperienced bc of CMC, heroic status bc of assassination in 63, strongly committed to civil rights

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17
Q

what percent did LBJ win with in 1964?

A

61%

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18
Q

describe LBJ?

A

became president bc of death, used kennedys death to push civil rights bill through congress, supported great society and was committed to civil rights, not entirely successful but his medicare saved many, massively increased involvement in vietnam despite saying he wouldnt, mass protests against him and dislikes

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19
Q

describe nixon?

A

not really liked, pragmatic, deescalated vietnam, success w economy, improved foreign relations w china and ussr, WATERGATE??

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20
Q

issues in the late 60’s early 70’s

A

losing vietnam, social divisions rising, inflation and unemployment growing

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21
Q

how did watergate make us lose confidence?

A

nixon involved in all the wire tapping and lied, forced to resign so not impeached, marks the end of imperial president, increased popular cynicism or mistrust of gov, lowered us international standing

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22
Q

how did ford make people lose faith ‘74?

A

became president after being vp for basically no time, pardoned nixon, clumsy which the media lapped up, SOME aid because he was generally nice so some restoration

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23
Q

proof of minimal trust in president in 76 elections?

A

poll said 75% of americans believed both candidated ford and carter ‘lacked it’

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24
Q

how did carters presidency not restore faith??

A

economy suffered (rising oil prices and unemployment rates and inflation), ussr seemed to be winning cold war, involved in MORE scandal like the iran contra crisis in 1979

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25
1980 election did it restore faith??
reagen won with 51% to carters 41% and his tv debate was good, but only 50% of electorate turned out to vote so still a disillusionment with politics and gov
26
how did the rugged individualism of the 20s echo in policy?
low tax and frugal gov expenditure
27
how did rugged individualism and conservatism screw them over in wall street crash?
no welfare programmes, gov in-equipped to deal with the rising unemployment, big biz couldnt help
28
what did hoover do to try and save the economy after WSC?
despite being a supporter of rugged individualism he upped fed spending on roads, bridges, and building, set up federal farm board to bolster farm prices, reconstruction finance corporation lent money to banks and insurance companies, still not enough to deal with the 13 million unemployed
29
what had roosevelt done within the first 100 days in office?
15 major bills for poor relief, banking, agriculture etc, massive overlap and confusion as so many bills introduced so quickly, some good some not
30
what did the second new deal include in 1935?
works progress administration, social security act, wealth tax, national labour relations act
31
how can we say the new deal wasnt a revolution and was limited?
didnt challenge capitalism, similar to wilson and hoover, didn't redistribute wealth
32
what caused the red scare in the 20s
russian revolution, american communist movement (largely made up of foreigners), the anarchist bomb which killed 38 people on wall street
33
what was the reaction to red scare in the 20s?
congress expelled socialist members, 9000 arrested without trial, 500 immigrants deported
34
how did truman react to the growing communist fear as the cold war started?
gave fbi more power, established federal review board to investigate all federal employees
35
what worsened the 1945-54 communist fears?
fear that communists had infiltrated schools and movies etc, entrance into korean war, mccarthy
36
describe mc carthys actions?
he was a senator, 1950- claimed he had evidence that 250 communists had infiltrated state department, attached gov agencies and liberals, gained support from some republicans and popular newspapers, had a witch hunt and then senate passed a motion if censure on him
37
impact of the age of fear 45-54?
hundreds lost their jobs and reputations, teachers gov workers everyone, fears were exaggerated and there was no real threat
38
how can the liberalism of the 60s be characterised?
esp young but many supported civil rights movement, opposed vietnam war and war in general, wanted to help the poor, some liked drugs and sexual liberation etc, new alternative lifestyles
39
how did johnson respond to liberalism?
supported civil rights, great society, BUT didnt agree with stopping viet war, little sympathy for counter cultural movements
40
who was defined as part of the counter culture movement?
either anyone who opposed dominant culture like feminists, or just hippies
41
what were hippies like in the 60s?
rejected american societys emphasis on individualism, materialism etc, wanted communal living and harmony, evidence like woodstock in 1969 where 400,000 attended
42
how did hippies help the society in the 70s?
drew attention to key issues like health food, environmentalism, attitudes towards drugs and sex BUT less impactful than activists who protested war and inequalities
43
what did the media helpful during 60s?
mass coverage of hippie movements and protest movements, also provided coverage of vietnam which shocked people
44
reaction to counterculture? how did nixon use the conservative reaction to his advantage in election 68?
conservatives were very tired of the movement, didnt want to keep giving away tax money to 'undeserving poor' SO nixon appealed to middle america and sided with the white people etc and won because of the 'silent majority'
45
how did nixon fail to bring america together?
HUGE anti war protests in 69, and even more so in 70 when he appeared to be extending viet war to cambodia, also faced pro civil rights and anti capitalism protests
46
how did nixon have some success with bringing america together in the late 60s early 70s?
pulled troops from vietnam, had fbi surveillance of some disruptive groups like black panthers, told uni students that if they protested he would end scholarships and loans
47
what was the stark opposite to the counter culture movement?
evangelical christians set up national right to life committe in 1967 which gained considerable support and they held mass rallies, and the religious right was increasingly influential in the 70s, against abortion feminims divorce drugs sex gays everyrhing
48
how many new voters from the religious right did reagen gain
5 million who previously didnt vote
49
impact of usa entry in ww1?
boosted allied morale, 100,000 american deaths, wilsons 14 point plan and that being the basis for the treat of versailles
50
what was the LoN?
wanted to keep world peace but americans didnt wanna be involved in foreign affairs
51
failure of the democrats in the 1920 elections
james cox tried to make it about lon which failed to see american peoples issues, harding wins 61% bc of his return to normalcy stuff, they didnt joing lon and instead committed to isolationism
52
how can we evidence american isolationism in the 20s and 30s?
general consensus was a mistrust of bankers and arms manufacturers, preoccupied with great depression and didnt want to focus on abroad, congress didnt allow roosevelt ro get involved international community, 1935 neutrality act so an embargo on arms
53
how did america start being involved in ww2?
roosevelt and americans felt sympathy for britain and tried to undo the neutrality act, eventually started sending weaponry and eventually roosevelt became convinced that germany had to be stopped
54
how did the us support ww2?
produced 45% of worlds arms in 1945, built 2/3 of worlds ships and 1/2 of world goods
55
how did ww2 effect the congress?
everything swung right, both houses of congress were right wing
56
what was the us like at the end of the war? deaths? situation?
292,000 deaths, 12 million mobilised men, wasnt invaded or bombed, emerged the wealthiest and strongest superpower
57
what was the truman doctrine?
basically saying we cant let random european countries fall to communism, recognition of the soviet threat
58
what was marshall aid?
to help europeans and give money to promote their economies so they cld buy american goods, didnt want them to be communist
59
when and why was cia set up
1947, to mount operations against communists
60
evidence that the country supported truman doctrine
he won the 1948 election

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