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Politics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of Political Science?

A

Political Science is the study of the polis, a specialized study of the state, its government, and politics.

Polis is a Greek word meaning city, which is akin to today’s state.

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2
Q

Who is considered the Father of Political Science?

A

Aristotle

Aristotle’s work ‘Politics’ systematically studied and compared different political systems.

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3
Q

What are the years of Aristotle’s life?

A

384-322 BC

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4
Q

What significant contribution did Aristotle make to Political Science?

A

He introduced empirical methods in political study, revolutionizing the field.

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5
Q

Who coined the term ‘political science’?

A

Jean Bodin

He contributed significantly to the theory of sovereignty.

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6
Q

What are the years of Jean Bodin’s life?

A

1530-1596 AD

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7
Q

Who is credited with having created the first constitution?

A

Solon

Solon laid the foundations of Athenian democracy.

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8
Q

What are the years of Solon’s life?

A

630-560 BC

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9
Q

Who authored ‘The Republic’?

A

Plato

‘The Republic’ explores justice and the concept of a philosopher-king.

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10
Q

What are the years of Plato’s life?

A

428-348 BC

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11
Q

What is the most important quote attributed to Aristotle?

A

“Man is by nature a political animal.”

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12
Q

What is the most important quote attributed to Jean Bodin?

A

“Sovereignty is the absolute and perpetual power of a commonwealth.”

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13
Q

What is the most important quote attributed to Solon?

A

“Laws are like spiders’ webs which, if anything small falls into them they ensnare it, but large things break through and escape.”

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14
Q

What is the most important quote attributed to Plato?

A

“Justice means minding one’s own business and not meddling with other men’s concerns.”

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15
Q

What is the primary thrust of politics?

A

Order

Order seeks to understand how human life in the aggregate is ordered.

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16
Q

How is power defined in the context of politics?

A

Getting others to comply by creating the prospect of severe sanctions for noncompliance

This definition emphasizes the coercive aspect of political authority.

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17
Q

Who is often seen as the father of modern political theory?

A

Niccolò Machiavelli

His work ‘The Prince’ offers advice on political leadership and power.

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18
Q

What is the definition of justice in politics?

A

Application of power towards the interest of the people and not just for the few who rule

This concept emphasizes fairness and equity in governance.

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19
Q

What does the phrase ‘The end justifies the means’ suggest?

A

Moral justification of actions based on outcomes

This is often associated with Machiavellian philosophy.

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20
Q

What is police power?

A

Authority of the government to regulate behavior and enforce order for public welfare, safety, and health

In the Philippines, this forms the basis for health and safety regulations.

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21
Q

What is the power of eminent domain?

A

Power of the government to acquire private property for public use with just compensation

An example is the government constructing a highway and needing to obtain land.

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22
Q

What does the power of taxation refer to?

A

Capability of the government to impose charges or levies on individuals and entities to fund public services

This includes taxes like income tax, value-added tax, and property tax.

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23
Q

Which power of the state is used when a government imposes high taxes on harmful commodities?

A

Police Power

This is aimed at regulating behavior that affects public health.

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24
Q

Which power of the state is related to funding public services through levies?

A

Power of Taxation

This is essential for the operation of government and public projects.

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25
What power allows a government to condemn privately owned property for public use?
Power of Eminent Domain ## Footnote Just compensation must be given to the owner.
26
Which power of the state is exemplified when a person is reprimanded for not wearing a mask?
Police Power ## Footnote This power is exercised to maintain public health and safety.
27
Define ideology according to Heywood (2007).
A system of beliefs about how society should function, behave, and operate.
28
What is the primary purpose of an ideology?
To provide a basis for organized political action.
29
Name one major political ideology.
Liberalism, Conservatism, or Socialism ## Footnote These are the three ideologies concentrated on in the module.
30
Define Conservatism as a political ideology.
An ideology that prefers to keep the system mostly the same and supports gradual change.
31
Fill in the blank: Conservatism emphasizes _______ and authority.
Tradition
32
What key idea is associated with Conservatism?
Human imperfection ## Footnote This suggests a cautious approach to societal change.
33
What does the term 'Expropriation Rights' refer to?
The rights of the government to take private property for public use.
34
True or False: Police Power is used to enforce laws for the public's health and safety.
True
35
What is Liberalism?
An ideology that promotes freedom from excessive government interference, values individual freedom, and believes in each person's ability to make their own choices. ## Footnote Key ideas include individualism, freedom, reason, equality, toleration, and consent.
36
What is Socialism?
An ideology that promotes communal ownership of resources and believes in equal distribution of wealth and resources. ## Footnote Key ideas include community, fraternity, social equality, need, social class, and common ownership.
37
What is Fascism?
An ideology that supports a totalitarian system led by a dictator, advocating for complete government control over citizens' lives and promoting aggressive nationalism. ## Footnote Example: A country where the leader has absolute power, controls media, suppresses opposition, and promotes an aggressive form of nationalism.
38
Fill in the blank: Liberalism values _______.
[individual freedom]
39
Fill in the blank: Socialism believes in _______ distribution of wealth.
[equal]
40
Fill in the blank: Fascism promotes _______ nationalism.
[aggressive]
41
What are key ideas associated with Liberalism?
* Individualism * Freedom * Reason * Equality * Toleration * Consent
42
What are key ideas associated with Socialism?
* Community * Fraternity * Social equality * Need * Social class * Common ownership
43
True or False: Liberalism supports excessive government interference.
False
44
True or False: Socialism advocates for private ownership of resources.
False
45
What does Fascism advocate for?
Complete government control over citizens' lives and aggressive nationalism.
46
What is the definition of totalitarian regimes?
Political systems that centralize power and limit individual freedoms. ## Footnote Examples include the reign of Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany.
47
List the key elements of a state.
* People * Territory * Government * Sovereignty ## Footnote These elements are essential for the existence and functioning of a state.
48
What values does Conservatism uphold?
Traditional values and the rule of law. ## Footnote Conservatism often emphasizes the importance of maintaining established institutions.
49
What does Liberalism advocate for?
Personal freedoms and individual rights. ## Footnote Liberalism emphasizes the importance of personal liberty and democratic governance.
50
Fill in the blank: _______ is supportive of personal freedoms and choice.
[Fascism]
51
What is Socialism's stance on human rights?
Opposed to violation of human rights; supportive of personal freedoms. ## Footnote Socialism seeks to promote social welfare and equality.
52
True or False: Fascism values traditional family structure.
Opposed ## Footnote Fascism often emphasizes strong centralized authority over traditional social structures.
53
What is a significant consequence of totalitarian regimes?
Curtailment of civil liberties. ## Footnote Totalitarian regimes often suppress dissent and limit freedom of expression.
54
What does the term 'Extra Judicial Killings' refer to?
Killings carried out without legal proceedings. ## Footnote Such actions are often associated with state oppression and human rights violations.
55
Who are famous leaders associated with totalitarian regimes in the mid-20th century?
* Benito Mussolini * Adolf Hitler ## Footnote These leaders are noted for their dictatorial governance and aggressive nationalism.
56
What is a monarchy?
A form of government where one person, usually a king or queen, holds all the power. Their word is law.
57
Define absolute monarchy.
A monarchy where the monarch has total control, with no limitations from laws or a constitution.
58
Provide an example of an absolute monarchy.
Saudi Arabia, where the king is both the head of state and the government.
59
What characterizes a limited or constitutional monarchy?
The monarch is the head of state, but their power is limited by a constitution.
60
Provide an example of a limited or constitutional monarchy.
The United Kingdom, where the Queen is the head of state, but the government is run by the elected Prime Minister.
61
What is aristocracy?
A government where political power is held by an elite group, often hereditary nobility.
62
Provide a scenario example of aristocracy.
A society where a small group of noble families makes all the decisions.
63
Provide a real-life example of aristocracy.
The House of Lords in the United Kingdom, where members are largely appointed due to hereditary titles.
64
What is oligarchy?
A form of government where power is held by a small group of wealthy individuals.

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