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Humanities Year 9 Semester 2 > Politics And Law > Flashcards

Politics And Law Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Accused

A

A person who has been charged with or arrested for allegedly committing a crime

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2
Q

Acts

A

Laws made by parliament. Also referred to as legislation or statutes

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3
Q

Candidate

A

A person standing for election

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4
Q

Citizen

A

A person who is a member of a certain country or city, who is granted certain rights and priveliges and expected to act responsibly

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5
Q

Citizenship

A

The legal status of being a citizen, granted by birth or naturalisation, giving the citizen certain rights and responsibilities

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6
Q

Civics

A

The study of government and the rights and duties of citizens

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7
Q

Civil case

A

A legal dispute where an individual alleges another has breached their rights

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8
Q

Coalition

A

Elected individuals or parties who have united to achieve a specific purpose

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9
Q

Common law

A

Law made by judges or the courts

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10
Q

Constitution

A

A set of laws by which a country or state is governed

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11
Q

Court hierarchy

A

A ranking of courts from lowest to highest in order of seriousness of the type of case they can determine or hear

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12
Q

Criminal case

A

A legal dispute in which an individual (accused) / who has committed an illegal act that inflicts harm on another individual and/or society is taken to court (prosecuted) by the state or government

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13
Q

Damages

A

A civil remedy where the court orders the defendant to pay an amount of money to the plaintiff

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14
Q

Defamation

A

A type of civil action where one party makes false statements that causes another party to lose their reputation

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15
Q

Democratic values

A

The beliefs and ideals that are held by our society as a democracy

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16
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government in which the people have the power to determine how they will be ruled or managed and so elect a parliament to make and implement laws on their behalf

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17
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating a person or a group of people unfavourably because of personal characteristics

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18
Q

Electorate

A

A designated geographical area that is represented by an elected member in parliament

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19
Q

Federal system

A

A system of government where, for the purposes of governing and law making, the nation has one central parliament and numerous state parliaments

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20
Q

Global citizen

A

A person who identifies as being part of the world community and acts according to and seeks to build world community values and practices

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21
Q

Government

A

The elected members of parliament who make decisions for a nation or state. The government is made up of the party or coalition that has won a majority of seats in the lower house of federal parliament.

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22
Q

Governor general

A

The Queen’s representative in Australia

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23
Q

Guilty

A

A verdict in a criminal case where the accused is found to have committed an offence. Also a conviction.

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24
Q

House of representatives

A

The lower house of the commonwealth parliament

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25
House of review (senate)
Reviews legislation that comes from the house of representatives
26
Human rights
Rights that all human beings possess regardless of their nationality,residence,sex,colour,religion,language or any other status
27
Indictable offence
A serious offence heard before a judge and jury
28
Judge
The Person who presides over the supreme courts
29
Judiciary
The courts
30
Jurisdiction
The power or authority of a court to hear a particular type of legal dispute
31
Jury
The group of randomly selected citizens who are called to determine the verdict in a criminal trial
32
Justice
The idea that people should treat each other with fairness and respect
33
Justice system
A range of organisations and bodies that make and enforce law including the courts, police and prisons. (legal system)
34
Laws
Formal legal rules that are designed to govern the way in which people behave and act to achieve a peaceful and united society
35
Legal dispute
An argument or disagreement between two or more parties to be resolved by the legal system
36
Legal principle
The legal reasoning behind a judge's decision that must be followed by magistrates and judges in lower courts, in cases where the facts are similar
37
Legislatiom
A law made by parliament. Also act or statute.
38
Liberal democracy
A system of government that aims to protect individual rights and freedoms and place limits on government interference or control
39
Magistrates court
The lowest ranked court that generally hears minor legal disputes
40
Negligence
A type of civil action where one party causes harm through failure to uphold a reasonable duty of care
41
Opposition
The second largest political party or coalition that works to scrutinise and oppose government policies.
42
Parliament
The national or state law making body that is made up of elected representatives in both the upper and lower house elected by citizens to make laws on their behalf.
43
Parliamentary democracy
A system of government where people elect representatives to make laws which reflect the majority of voters' views
44
Plaintiff
The party that initiates or commences a civil action against another party.
45
Plea
A statement given by an accused person indicating their desire to be treated as guilty pr not guilty during a court hearing or trial
46
Pluralist society
A diverse society with a tolerance of different beliefs
47
Precendent
A legal principle that must be followed by magistrates and judges in lower courts where the facts are similar
48
Preferencial system
A voting system in which the voter numbers their preferences for candidates.
49
Presumption of innocence
Accused person that pleaded not guilty has to be treated as innocent until proven guilty
50
Prosecution
The party that initiates a criminal action or takes an accused person to court
51
Proportional representation
Voting system used in the senate.
52
Quota
The number of votes a candidate must receive before they are elected
53
Referendum
The process for changing the wording of the constitution. Accepted by both houses and large proportion of voters.
54
Remedy
An outcome of a civil dispute aimed at restoring the plaintiff as far as possible to the position they were in prior to the breach of rights
55
Representative democracy
System of government where people vote to elect parliaments and governments to make law on their behalf
56
Republic
System of government where people vote to determine the government rather than being governed by a monarch or crown
57
Rule of law
Law applies equally to all people and must be upheld by all and can only be altered by those with authority to do so.
58
Sanction
A penalty imposed on a person who has breached a criminal law.
59
Statutory authorities
A body that parliament gives the power to make laws on their behalf
60
Summary offence
A minor offence heard and determined by the magistrates court
61
Supreme court of appeal
The court that hears appeals from all lower courts or reviews cases from supreme courts
62
Trial
A hearing to resolve and determine the outcome in a criminal or civil dispute
63
Verdict
The decision made by a magistrate or judge or jury in a court hearing or trial
64
Westminister system
The parliamentary system of Great Britain where parliament consists of two houses and the crown(Australia uses it)

Humanities Year 9 Semester 2 (1 decks)

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