politics and social control

Question 1

politics

Answer 1

• activities associated with governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power

Question 2

importance of politics

Answer 2

politics helps maintain social order

Question 3

political organization

Answer 3

the way in which a society maintains order internally and manages affairs of societies externally…

Question 4

power

Answer 4

the ability to impose or exercise one’s will on others

Question 5

authority

Answer 5

the socially approved use of power

Question 6

influence

Answer 6

the ability to affect the behaviour of others without coercion, and without holding an explicit leadership status

Question 7

power authority influence

Answer 7

how these 3 things manifest in a society tells a lot about their social organization

Question 8

jermeny bentham

Answer 8

the panopticon, remodeling prisons

Question 9

Focualt’s dynamic normalization

Answer 9

when people are surveyed they tend to become the same doesn’t encourage diversity, which is undemocratic

Question 10

discourse

Answer 10

ways of speaking which are commonly praticsed and specifically situated in a social environment

Question 11

language and power

Answer 11

language can change the way people think about certain things

Question 12

James C. Scott

Answer 12

concept of every day resistance/ non-subtle cooperation. Its the way people with no power show resistance.

Question 13

3 ways Legitimacy

Answer 13

traditional authority, rational-legal, charismatic

Question 14

traditional authority

Answer 14

rule is accepted by followers because it is believed to be the correct moral order, members are selected on the basis of loyalty

Question 15

rational-legal

Answer 15

authority established through rational legal means, leaders are popular because they are elevated by the accepted law

Question 16

charismatic authority

Answer 16

can obtain authority because those people believe in them and are seen to have exceptional qualities

Question 17

ideological (internally)

Answer 17

culturally instilled values, expectation of supernatural harm or reward

Question 18

sanctions

Answer 18

external sanctions rely on actions other members of society take towards specifically approved or disapproved behaviour

Question 19

positive and negative sanctions, informal and formal

Answer 19

positive formal- rewards, positive informal- compliments, negative formal- jail negative informal- insults

Question 20

compliance

Answer 20

leaders mobilize followers and make their policies binding on their follower’s actions

Question 21

3 ways to make people compliance

Answer 21

coercion (threats of use of force), remuneration (sticks and carrots), persuasion

Question 22

Band characteristics

Answer 22

more decentralized, small, flexible family unit , kin-based, no formal poltical organization, no socioeconomic stratification

Question 23

Band political organization

Answer 23

group decisions made by adult consensus
social orders is by ridicule and ostracisms
conflicts revolved through negotiation

Question 24

tribes characteristics

Answer 24

multiple autonomous small communities that share a common identity, no formal political organization

Question 25

tribes political organization

Answer 25

group decision- consensus among descent group s social order- ridicule, ostracization village head- limited authority (uses influence), act as a mediator

Question 26

big man

Answer 26

in tribes similar to village head, but authority is regional, may have authority over more than one village

Question 27

pantribal mechanisms

Answer 27

"clans, age grades, and secret societies found in tribal societies that cut across kiniship lines and integrated all the local segments of the tribe into a larger whole. I mode of unity against strife.

Question 28

pan tribal mechanisms

Answer 28

clans, age grades, and secret societies found in tribal societies that cut across kiniship lines and integrated all the local segments of the tribe into a larger whole. I mode of unity against strife.

Question 29

sodalities

Answer 29

social groups that form outside of the usual categories of family or kinship i.e Budonians

Question 30

chiefdoms

Answer 30

pastoralists and agriculturalists centralized political organization hierarchal structure and stratification system based on lineage villages band together and a single authority decisions made by chiefs and official authorities sanctions imposed by official orders, social sanctions, force conflicts are resolved through negotiation and arbitration

Question 31

chiefs

Answer 31

leaders who own, manage, and control basic factors of the economy, chiefs use of traditional authority, its about lineage that you get the job

Question 32

states

Answer 32

status- not necessarily kin-based codification of laws- more formalized in industrialized police has a monopoly on use of force

Question 33

nation-state

Answer 33

a socio-cultural entity as well as political community that has legitimacy over a defined territory

Question 34

nation-states tend to be polyethnic

Answer 34

having populations from any ethnic backgrounds living within them

Question 35

types of states

Answer 35

totalitarian, autocratic, democratic,

Question 36

totalitarian state

Answer 36

one in which the state has no limit to its power/authority , regulates every aspect of public and private life- and people tend to live in fear

Question 37

autocratic (how is the is different from a dictatorship?)

Answer 37

governed by a leader with absolute and complete power, not much political participation and opinion of the public

Question 38

theocracy

Answer 38

a form of state in which ultimate power rests with a diety or god" i.e Vatican

Question 39

role of technology in the state

Answer 39

- using internet for elections, different dialogue between people and politicians - double-edged sword- used to bring people together for a common, cause or by own person to oppress another, inform or misinform

Question 40

3 ways of conflict resolution

Answer 40

arbitration, adjudication, negotiation

Question 41

bureaucracies of chiefdoms

Answer 41

tributes are paid to the chief and chief has special to resources

Question 42

when was did nation-states start appearing

Answer 42

after colonialism and

Question 43

social control

Answer 43

mechanisms used to maintain social norms

Question 44

Mechanisms of social control

Answer 44

``` public opinions, supernatural belief systems, lineage age organization social media ```

Question 45

ordeal

Answer 45

determining guilt through a rigorous or dangerous test

Question 46

coroporate lineages

Answer 46

people who are in the same lineage take part in the same day to day activities

Question 47

acephalous societies

Answer 47

don't have a political leader, so they split society up into age groups/age organizations to maintain social control

Question 48

3 basic features of law

Answer 48

- legitimate use of force - gives authority as to whom can exercise this force - legal precedent (new laws built off of old laws)

Question 49

justice

Answer 49

doing what is right in the context of the legal system

Question 50

retributive justice

Answer 50

revenge or punishment for crime

Question 51

restorative justice

Answer 51

focus on healing, and resolving conflicts

Question 52

Formal mechanisms of social control

Answer 52

the law (justice/physical force), warfare

Question 53

characteristics of warfare

Answer 53

usually in complex industrialized societies | cultural variation in expression

Question 54

rise of warfare

Answer 54

- development of agriculture and agricultural machinery - increased population - settled population and idea of ownership

Question 55

4 basic contributing factors to war

Answer 55

- moral objectives - political objectives - social problems and social frustrations - perceived threats