Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History-Britain 1625-1701 > politics society > Flashcards

politics society Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Who was at the head of society in the quest for political stability, 1625-88?

A

The king, who believed he had Divine Right.

Divine Right is the doctrine that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the role of the Royal Court in the structure of society?

A

Consisted of the king’s friends, servants, chosen advisers, and the greater nobility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the function of the Privy Council?

A

Included the king’s chosen advisers and heads of major departments to advise the king and supervise government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two houses made up Parliament?

A

The House of Commons and the House of Lords.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How were laws made by king-in-parliament viewed compared to those made via the king’s prerogative powers?

A

Laws made by king-in-parliament were seen as more important.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were the Prerogative Courts?

A

Courts run by Privy Councillors representing the king’s direct authority.

Examples include the Courts of Chancery and Star Chamber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who ran the Church in the structure of society?

A

Archbishops and Bishops chosen by the king.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Charles I believe regarding his power?

A

He believed in Divine Right, claiming his power came directly from God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was a significant financial issue Charles I faced upon accession?

A

He found an empty treasury and inherited an expensive war with Spain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the Commons’ response to Charles I’s request for Tonnage and Poundage?

A

They refused to grant it for more than one year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What actions did Charles I take in 1627?

A

Demanded a forced loan from all taxpayers, imprisoning those who refused.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Petition of Right?

A

A document presented to Charles I, asking him to reverse decisions made in the Five Knights Case.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What significant event occurred in 1629 concerning Parliament?

A

Charles ordered Parliament to adjourn after they discussed his breaches of the Petition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What characterized Charles I’s Personal Rule from 1629-1640?

A

Initially calm and orderly; however, resistance began to emerge by 1636.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What were the Bishops’ Wars?

A

Conflicts provoked by the introduction of the English Prayer book in Scotland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the Triennial Act?

A

An act forcing Charles to call Parliament at least every three years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the Grand Remonstrance?

A

A document suggesting Parliament should approve the king’s choice of commander.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What action did Charles take in January 1642?

A

Issued warrants for the arrest of Pym and four others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Charles declare in August 1642?

A

He raised his standard at Nottingham to declare war.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Naseby in June 1645?

A

Helped to secure Parliament’s victory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What were the Newcastle Propositions?

A

Included demands for a Presbyterian Church and control of the militia by Parliament for 20 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happened to Charles I on January 30, 1649?

A

He was found guilty and beheaded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the Rump Parliament?

A

The assembly of MPs remaining at Westminster after Charles I’s execution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What significant constitutional change occurred under Cromwell’s rule?

A

England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland were turned into a Protectorate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What was the Instrument of Government?
A new constitution drawn up after the failure of the Nominated Assembly.
26
What was the main issue with the Nominated Assembly?
There was a conflict between radical and conservative members.
27
What reforms did the Nominated Assembly enact?
* Continuation of the war with the Dutch * Legal measures to help debtors * Regulations concerning treatment of lunatics * Civil Marriage allowed
28
What did Cromwell dissolve in 1653, and why?
He dissolved the Rump Parliament by force due to its attempt to create a more conservative parliament.
29
What type of church was established under Cromwell's rule?
State Church with freedom of worship for everyone except Catholics and those who supported Bishops.
30
How many Ordinances were issued by the First Protectorate Parliament?
84 Ordinances.
31
What services were improved during the First Protectorate?
* Postal services * Roads maintenance.
32
What laws were prohibited under Cromwell's rule?
* Blasphemy * Drunkenness.
33
Who led a royalist uprising in Wiltshire in Spring 1655?
John Penruddock.
34
How did Cromwell respond to the royalist uprising in 1655?
Imposed centralised military rule over the country.
35
What was the role of major-generals in Cromwell's government?
Responsible for local government and security in their districts.
36
What was the purpose of the Commissions of Triers and Ejectors?
To supervise the running of the church and improve the quality of preaching.
37
What was offered to Cromwell by the Second Protectorate Parliament in 1657?
The crown.
38
What were the key features of the Humble Petition and Advice?
* Government by a king (changed to 'Lord Protector') * Hereditary succession * Parliament to control the army * Regular elections * Limited religious toleration.
39
Why did Cromwell refuse the crown?
He desired a ‘godly reformation’ and believed the army was the way to achieve it.
40
What happened to Cromwell after his death in September 1658?
He was succeeded by his son, Richard, who summoned the Third Protectorate Parliament.
41
What did General George Monck do in 1660?
Marched his forces to London to restore a free parliament.
42
What did the Declaration of Breda promise?
* Cooperation with parliament * Amnesty for actions taken 1642-60 * Arrears of pay to the army * Continuation of religious toleration.
43
What significant act did the Convention Parliament retain?
The 1641 Triennial Act.
44
What was the Cavalier Parliament known for?
Being overwhelmingly royalist and undoing the work of the Convention Parliament.
45
What did the Act of Uniformity (1662) restore?
The Laudian Church and forced out 1,800 ministers.
46
What financial struggles did Charles II face?
Insufficient taxation from Parliament and reliance on customs duties.
47
What did Charles II attempt in 1662 that was opposed by Parliament?
Suspended the Act of Uniformity with a Declaration of Indulgence.
48
What was the cause of the Second Anglo-Dutch War?
To aid Louis XIV against the Protestant Republic.
49
What major events in 1665 and 1666 were interpreted as linked to Catholic advisers?
* The Great Plague * The Great Fire of London.
50
What was the outcome of the 1673 Test Act?
Forced public office holders to denounce key Catholic teachings.
51
What was the Popish Plot?
A fabricated conspiracy by Titus Oates claiming Jesuit plans to murder Charles II.
52
What happened to Shaftesbury after the Popish Plot?
He was acquitted but later forced into exile.
53
What was the Rye House Plot?
A plan by Cromwellian soldiers to assassinate Charles II and replace him with the Duke of Monmouth.
54
What did Charles II do to eliminate opposition after the Rye House Plot?
He revised borough charters and controlled elections.
55
Who succeeded Charles II after his death in 1685?
James II.
56
What was a significant consequence of the Popish Plot for Charles II's reign?
He avoided calling parliament for the rest of his reign.
57
Who succeeded Charles II after his death in 1685?
James II
58
What was the state of parliament at the time of James II's accession?
Remarkably co-operative
59
What was the outcome of Monmouth's rebellion in June 1685?
Received little support; Monmouth was captured and beheaded
60
What financial action did parliament take in 1685 regarding James II?
Gave James a generous financial settlement
61
What idea was damaged along with the Whigs after Charles II's reign?
Challenging the hereditary principle
62
What did James II represent a threat to?
The Protestant religion and the rule of law
63
What was the impact of James II's personality on his authority?
Alienated most sections and interests
64
What was James II's desire regarding religious freedom?
Establish religious freedom and legal equality for Catholics
65
What legal case did James II use to support his actions regarding military command for Catholics?
Godden v. Hales
66
What was the ruling in Godden v. Hales?
Only the king could decide whether Hales was at fault
67
What did James II issue in 1687 granting freedom of worship?
A new Declaration of Indulgence
68
What was the Ecclesiastical Commission set up by James II similar to?
The Prerogative Court of High Commission
69
What action did James II take regarding the fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford?
Expelled them and replaced them with Catholics
70
What significant event occurred in 1688 regarding James II's son?
Birth of his son with Mary of Modena
71
What invitation was sent to William of Orange in summer 1688?
An invitation to invade England
72
When did William's forces land in England?
November 1688
73
What was the reason for James II fleeing into exile?
Hesitation caused his followers to desert him
74
What did James II's escape allow him to claim?
That he had abdicated
75
What was a debate regarding James II's rule?
To what extent was he ruling like an autocrat?
76
What financial issues contributed to the failure of the Restoration Monarchy?
Financial problems
77
Fill in the blank: The main cause of political instability in England in the years 1665-88 was the _______.
Restoration Settlement

History-Britain 1625-1701 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions