Politics Unit 3 AOS2- Examples of Diplomacy Flashcards
(11 cards)
Examples of diplomacy
- Black sea grain initiative (BSGI)
- Summit on peace in Ukraine (SOPIU)
- U.S peace talks in Saudi Arabia (UPT)
BSGI- Background
Who
- Turkey, Russia, Ukraine & the UN
When
- Istanbul, July 2022
Aims
- Ensure Russian food & fertiliser reach global markets to help food security
Outcomes
- Agreement for all parties to allow commercial ships to travel through the black sea uninhibited
- Inspection teams formed to ensure cargo is commercial
BSGI- Interests
Turkey
- Economic interests- Continue flow of goods through port & collect transfer fee
Russia/Ukraine
- Economic interests- Maintain selling of products to fund war efforts
- Security interests- Maintain state safety & mitigate attacks from others
UN
- manage poverty & global food security
SOPIU- Background
Who
- >160 UN states, the EU, council of Europe, & Vatican
When
- 2024 in Switzerland
Aims
- Bring global leaders together towards peace in Ukraine
Outcomes
- Ensuring nuclear security & installations
- Uninterrupted access to food manufacturing for global food security
- Release & humane treatment of captives in war
- Joint Communiqué on a Peace Framework adopted
BSGI- Challenges & effectiveness
Sanctions
- Western sanctions on Russian trade limited effectiveness in managing global food security outcomes
- Russia ended deal in 2023 with belief that Ukrainian exports was being favoured
SOPIU- Interests
Ukraine
- State security- Encourage global support to sustain war effort & win
EU
- Economic interest- Reach economic stability to continue free market trading
UN
- Maintain global peace & security
SOPIU- Challenges & effectiveness
Lack of comprehensive participation
- No Russia as not invited & no China as they refused to attend w/o Russia which prevents effective solution as major stakeholder not included
Lack of consensus
- Saudi Arabia, India, South Africa, UAE, Thailand & Mexico didn’t sign final Joint Communique doc hindering its legitimacy
UPT- Background
Who & When
- U.S, Russia, Saudi Arabia late March 2025
- U.S & Ukraine early March 2025
Aims
- Ceasefire in conflict
- Resumption of BSGI
- Ultimately peace between Russia & Ukraine
Outcomes
- U.S & Ukraine joint statement outlining mutual goals & commitment to peace
UPT- Interests
Ukraine
- State security- Maintain U.S support & assistance
Russia
- State security- End conflict on their terms
- Maintaining economic freedom & control of Ukrainian territory
U.S
- Global standing- Preserve status of global leader in peace
- Economic interest- Financial reciprocity for support e.g. minerals deal
OPT- Challenges & effectiveness
Disjointed approach
- Holding meetings states seperately leads to inefficiency & potential mixed messages
Conflicted interests
- Russian interests don’t align with U.S goal of immediate resolution
- Ukraine & Russia’s non- negotiable’s are contradicting
Pragmatism & Idealism in diplomacy
Pragmatism
- Compromise- Willingness to sacrifice personal ideals for achievement of practical outcomes
Idealism
- Lack of compromise- Unwillingness to compromise on specific ideals or values
