Pollution

Question 1

define waste

Answer 1

any unwanted or undesired material or substance resulting from industrial, commercial mining, agricultural operations, and from community activities

Question 2

define biodegradable waste

Answer 2

those substances which can be broken down by microorganisms into harmless and non toxic substances

Question 3

define pollution

Answer 3

addition of any such constituent to air, water, or land, which deteriorates the natural quality of the environment

Question 4

define pollutant

Answer 4

any constituent which causes pollution

Question 5

define air pollution

Answer 5

deterioration of air quality which harmfully affects living organisms as well as certain objects

Question 6

types of air pollution

Answer 6

1. gaseous pollution
2. particulate pollution

Question 7

sources of air pollution

Answer 7

1. natural sources
2. man made sources

Question 8

control of vehicular air pollution

Answer 8

efficient engines
good quality fuel
lead-free petrol
use of CNG

Question 9

man made sources of air pollution

Answer 9

1. vehicles
2. industries
3. burning
4. brick kilns

Question 10

define water pollution

Answer 10

any change in the water quality which makes it unsuitable for use by humans and other living organisms

Question 11

sources of water pollution

Answer 11

1. household detergents
2. sewage
3. oil spills
4. industrial wastes
5. thermal pollution

Question 12

define effluent

Answer 12

liquid waste material produced by factories, which is commonly discharged into rivers

Question 13

sources of soil pollution

Answer 13

1. industrial wastes
2. urban commercial and domestic wastes
3. chemical fertilizers
4. biomedical waste
5. pesticides

Question 14

define sanitary landfills

Answer 14

places where the wastes are dumped in a ground depression and covered with dirt every day

Question 15

ex of fertilizers

Answer 15

nitrates, phosphates, ammonium salts

Question 16

ex of biomedical wastes

Answer 16

needles, syringes, dirty dressing
unused discarded tablets and powders
discarded biological research materials carelessly disposed off in the municipal garbage

Question 17

full form of DDT

Answer 17

dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane

Question 18

define noise

Answer 18

any unpleasant/loud undesired sound interfering with one’s hearing and concentration and the pollution caused due to noise is termed as noise pollution

Question 19

harmful effects of noise pollution

Answer 19

1. interferes in communication
2. interrupts concentration of thought and disturbs peace of mind
3. lowers efficiency of work
4. disturbs sleep and leads to nervous irritability `

Question 20

steps to minimise noise pollution

Answer 20

1. prohibit blowing horns
2. restriction on loud speakers
3. planting trees by road side
4. closing doors
5. not burning firecrackers

Question 21

effect of pollution on climate and environment

Answer 21

1. acid rain
2. greenhouse effect and global warming
3. ozone layer depletion

Question 22

effects of acid rain

Answer 22

1. damage vegetation by polluting soil
2. decay of building material and paints
3. aquatic animals harmed
4. erosion of ancient monuments, statues, and sculpture by acids reacting with calcium

Question 22

effects of ozone layer depletion

Answer 22

sun burn
genetic disorder
skin cancer
reduced productivity of forests and sea

Question 23

international ozone day

Answer 23

september 16

Question 24

effects of air pollution on human health

Answer 24

respiratory problems, lung disorders particulate lead- blood cell shortage smog- asthma and poor visibility SO2- bronchitis

Question 25

effect of water pollution on human health

Answer 25

cholera, jaundice, typhoid

Question 26

effect of soil pollution

Answer 26

pesticides used may harm human health

Question 27

control of pollution

Answer 27

1. use of unleaded petrol and CNG 2. switching off automobile engines at red light when not in use 3. treating industrial effluents before discharging them into waterbodies 4. not to throw food wastes into open grounds or in drains 5. sewage treatment plants

Question 28

euro bharat vehicular standards

Answer 28

1. any motor vehicle must adhere to a specific emission norm in order to reduce pollution

Question 29

objectives of swachh bharat abhiyan

Answer 29

1. clean streets, roads, infrastructure 2. eliminate open defecation through construction of individual, cluster, community toilets. goal is to make an Open Defecation Free India 3. establish an accountable mechanism of latrine use 4. to achieve efficient solid and liquid waste management systems

Question 30

how to lessen plastic pollution

Answer 30

1. observe 3 Rs 2. carry your own refillable water bottle 3. avoid using disposable cutlery and straws 4. carry your own reusable fabric bag and do not ask for carry bags made of plastic 5