Pols

Question 1

Both meiosis and mitosis in human cells starts with “2n” cells. After mitosis, are daughter “1n” or 2n

Answer 1

2n

Question 2

Both meiosis and mitosis in hunan cells starts with 2n cells. After meiosis, are the daughter cells 1 n or 2n

Answer 2

1n

Question 3

In order to mate, yeast need to have different ? Types

Answer 3

Mating

Question 4

What are the two methods of signaling we discussed in class that occur through cell to celll contact

Answer 4

Gap junction and receptor to ligand

Question 5

What is the generic came for the molecule that binds to a receptor

Answer 5

LIgands

Question 6

Describe autocrine signaling

Answer 6

self signaling

Question 7

Describe paracrine signlings

Answer 7

One close by signaling short distance

Question 8

describe endocrine signaling

Answer 8

signaling lots of cells long distances

Question 8

describe endocrine signaling

Answer 8

signaling lots of cells long distances

Question 8

describe endocrine signaling

Answer 8

signaling lots of cells long distances

Question 9

What is a cytokine

Answer 9

small protein that d3eals with the growth of cells

Question 10

Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. Which chromosomes are consider somatic/ autosomal

Answer 10

first 22

Question 11

Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosome, what are the names of the sex chromosomes?

Answer 11

XY

Question 12

Compare chromosome with chromatin

Answer 12

Chromatin is unraveled DNA and chromosome ar supercondensed DNa in a double helix structure for correct separtion during cell replication.

Question 13

Where along the chromosome would you find repetitive telomeric sequence

Answer 13

The ends

Question 14

What type of retitive DNA sequence is found at the site where sister chromatids are held together?

Answer 14

Centromere

Question 15

Interphase encompasses what three stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 15

G1,S,G2

Question 16

Mitosis can be broken down into what four phases

Answer 16

Prophase, metaphase, anaphasr, and telophase

Question 17

In what phase of mitosis does DNA fist condense?

Answer 17

Prophase

Question 18

What phase of mitosis follows the M checkpoint

Answer 18

Anaphase

Question 19

In what phase of mitosis do the siter chromatide line up down the center of the cell

Answer 19

Metaphse

Question 20

Name two things a cell check on before proceeding through the G1 checkpoint

Answer 20

DNA damage and Nutuients

Question 21

What molecule binds to a cell receptor in initiate pathway tha eventuallly lead to cyclin D accumulation

Answer 21

Cycline- dependent Kinases

Question 22

Rb is a tumor suppressor, what modification causes Rb to relase the E2 transcription factor

Answer 22

Low number of phosphate groups

Question 23

Do one or both copies of proto-oncogenes need to be mutated to lead to sustain cell prolieferation signals

Answer 23

just one

Question 24

Do one or both copies of tumor suppressor genes need to be nutated to lead to loss of cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 24

both

Question 25

The pro- and Anti-apoptotic protein balance occurs at which cellular organelle?

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

What is the name of the enzyme that can lengthen telomere sequences

Answer 26

Telomerase

Question 27

ANiogenesis refers to the process of building which featre in the body

Answer 27

blood cessels

Question 28

New tumors tha tgrow in differnt tissures than where the primary tumor occurred are called what m word?

Answer 28

metastatic tumor

Question 29

What cell type can become carcinomas

Answer 29

Squamous cells

Question 30

Do cell differentiate or de-d ifferentiate during the epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition

Answer 30

Differentiate

Question 31

During which stage to tetrads line up down the center of cells, meiosis I or mesiosis 2

Answer 31

meiosis 1

Question 32

The central dogma states DNA- RNA- Protein. Genotype describe which of these three macromolecules

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

What is the difference between a carcter and a trait

Answer 33

Characcteristic is phenotype f shown things, train is the feature of each like the different eye colors

Question 34

What genotypes do the F1 genration have if organisms with genotypes DD and dd are crossed

Answer 34

Heterozyfus for Dd

Question 35

In a monohybrid cross, what are the espected ratios of the genotypes of the offspring

Answer 35

1:0 100% heterozygous for Dd

Question 36

What process is used during meiosis ! to create novel, mosaic chromosome structures?

Answer 36

Crossing over events

Question 37

Crosses of snapdragons with red and white flowers result in offspring with what color of flowers

Answer 37

Pink flower

Question 38

What form of t non-mendelian genetics causes the AB blood type, incomplete dominance or co-dominance

Answer 38

Co-dominance

Question 39

What blood types would be possible in the child with parents of type O and type AB blood

Answer 39

Type A and type B

Question 40

Hemophilia is an X-linked genetic disease. Are most hemophiliacs male or female

Answer 40

male

Question 41

WHat is a point mutation

Answer 41

1 nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide, 1 nucleotide changes, any copies of DNA using the mutated stand as template will also have mutation

Question 42

Indel mutaion cuase short ? and ?

Answer 42

Insertion and deletion

Question 43

Some polumerases can also destroy DNA in a 3' to 5; direction if they have

Answer 43

Exonulease

Question 44

What kind of electromagnetic wave can cause pyrimidine dimers

Answer 44

UV

Question 45

name mone kind of electomagneic wave that can cuase double-standed DNA breaks

Answer 45

X-ray

Question 46

What genetic tool do scientist use to cuase a doubl.e-stranded DNA break exactly where the target

Answer 46

CRISPR

Question 47

NHEJ is prone to what kind of mut8ion when attempyin yo repain a DNA double-standed break

Answer 47

Indel mutation

Question 48

HR makes use of what DNa sequence to repair a DNA double-stranded break

Answer 48

Homologous chromosome sequence

Question 49

Can molecular oxygen pass through a phospholipid bilayer without a channel or pump?

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

Can carbon dioxide pass through a phospholipid bilayer without a channel or pump?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

Can water pass through a phospholipid bilayer without a channel or pump?

Answer 51

no

Question 52

Can glucose pass through a phospholipid bilayer without a channel or pump?

Answer 52

no