Polymer Revolution Flashcards
(34 cards)
Define addition in terms of polymers
The adding of one molecule to another with no other product, but not necessarily in a single reaction step.
A student needs to dry a liquid hydrogenalkane. Name a drying agent they could use.
anhydrous sodium sulfate
Name the type of polymerisation that occurs when polystyrene is made from phenylethene.
addition
What is a carbocation
A positively charged carbon ion
Explain what is meant by the term electrophile and how they bond to other compunds
A positively charged atom which bonds by accepting a pair of electrons
How to turn an alkene into an alcohol
By using steam with a phosphoric acid catalyst at high temperature and pressure (300 celsius and 60 atm)
Explain why an alcohol group could be classified as secondary.
The carbon which the alcohol is attacked to is bonded to two R groups
What is a haloalkane/ halogenalkane
Any alkane with at least halogen atom in place of a hydrogen
What is a nucleophile
A chemical species with a lone pair of electrons that are availed an dative covalent bond
Why are fluoroalkanes the slowest to hydrolyses into alcohols
They have the highest bond enthalpy out of the halogenalkanes
Describe a nucleophilic substitution
Where a nucleophile replaces part of the original molecule
Why does alcohol mix with water
Alcohol is a polar molecule so it mixes with water for they can both make hydrogen bonds
Compare fermentation to hydration of ethene when marketing alcohol
Fermentation is slow, low yield, uses natural products and a batch process
Hydration is fast, high yield , uses non renewable and a continuos process
What does the functional group of an aldehyde look like?
R-C=O
\
H
What does the functional group of a ketone look like
-C=O
What’s special about a Zielger-Natta catalyst?
Contains metal (aluminium) covalently bonded to organic groups
Define isotactic
When all the functional groups are on the same side
Define and describe a syndiotactic molecule
Groups are on alternating sides
Can coil into helices
Describe how you would carry the process of heating under reflux in a lab
Boil a liquid in a container attached to e vertical condenser
Why do we heat things under reflux
Increases rate of reaction
Allows boiling for a long time
Stops loss of volatiles / products / reactants
Stops liquids catching fire
Describe how one would separate a halogenalkane layer from a water layer. The alkane is denser than water
by using a separating funnel and running off the lower layer
What solution would you react a primary alcohol in to form an aldehyde
Potassium dichromate (VI)
What would you get if you continued to oxidise a primary alcohol
A carboxylic acid
What are the products of oxidising a secondary alcohol is potassium dichromate?
Ketone and water
