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Chemistry (Organic) > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of polymers

A

Condensation
Addition

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2
Q

What are the 3 main types of condensation polymers

A

Polypeptides
Polyamides
Polyesters

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3
Q

What is condensation polymerisation

A

Where 2 different monomers with at least 2 different functional groups react together and form a link, whilst also releasing water

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4
Q

Where are polypeptides found

A

In proteins

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5
Q

How are polyamides formed

A

By reacting diamines and dicarboxylic acids together

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6
Q

How are polyesters formed

A

By reacting a diol and a dicarboxylic acid together

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7
Q

What is the link called in a polyamide

A

Amide link

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8
Q

Why do we need a DIamide and a DIcarboxylic acid to form a polyamide

A

To allow for links to be formed on either side of the molecule and for chains do be formed

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9
Q

Which bonds break in a dicarboxylic acid when it reacts with a diol

A

The 2 C-OH bonds

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10
Q

Which bonds break in a diol when it reacts with a dicarboxylic acid

A

The 2 O-H bonds

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11
Q

Which bonds break in a dicarboxylic acid when it reacts with a diamine

A

The 2 C-OH bonds

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12
Q

Which bond breaks in a diamine when it reacts with a dicarboxylic acid

A

One of the N-H bonds on either side of the molecule

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13
Q

How many water molecules are released when we form a polyamide

A

2

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14
Q

Draw the structure of an amide link

A
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15
Q

What type of polymer is Kevlar

A

A polyamide

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16
Q

Give 2 uses of kevlar

A

Bulletproof vests
Car tyres

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17
Q

What are the monomers of kevlar

A

Benzene-1,4-dioic acid
Benzene-1,4-diamine

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18
Q

Draw the structure of Benzene-1,4-dioic acid

A
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19
Q

Draw the structure of Benzene-1,4-diamine

A
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20
Q

Draw the repeating unit of kevlar

A

+water

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21
Q

What are the monomers of nylon-6,6

A

Hexane-1,6-dioc acid
Hexane-1,6-diamine

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22
Q

Draw the structure of Hexane-1,6-dioc acid

A
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23
Q

Draw the structure of Hexane-1,6-diamine

24
Q

Draw the repeating unit of Nylon-6,6

25
What type of link is formed when a dicarboxylic acid and a diol react
Ester link
26
Draw the structure of an ester link
27
What is the acronym for terylene
PET
28
Give 2 uses of terylene
Plastic bottles Sheets
29
What are the monomers of terylene
Benzene-1,4-dioc acid Ethane-1,2-diol
30
What type of polymer is terylene
Polyester
31
What type of polymer is nylon-6,6
Polyamide
32
Draw the structure of Benzene-1,4-dioic acid
33
Draw the structure of Ethane-1,2-diol
34
Draw the repeating unit of terylene
35
How do we return from a condensation polymer to its original polymer
Add 2nH2O n being the number of repeating units in the polymer
36
Why do condensation polymers tend to be stronger than addition polymers
They contain polar bonds, which means hydrogen bonds can arise between Os and Hs, which are stronger than the VDW forces in addition polymers
37
Why are condensation polymers better for the environment than addition polymers
They are broken down by hydrolysis (slowly) meaning they are biodegradable
38
How do we name addition polymers
39
Give 1 use of Polyethene
Plastic bags
40
Give 1 use of Polypropene
Rigid containers
41
Give 1 use of Polychloroethene (PVC)
Guttering Leather look fabrics
42
What is the function of a plasticiser in a polymer
Plasticiser allows the polymer chains to slide over each other more easily More plasticiser = more flexible material
43
Why do addition polymers have much higher boiling points than their monomers
Polymers have much higher boiling points than the alkenes monomers they are made from because polymers are long chain molecules and therefore have stronger Van der Waal’s forces between the molecules
44
Explain why addition polymers are non biodegradable
Due to the strong, non-polar C-C bonds (carbon carbon bonds) Therefore can’t be hydrolysed
45
Explain why condensation polymers are biodegradable
Polyesters contain polar C=O and C−O bonds Polyamides contain polar C=O and C−N bonds these bonds are susceptible to nucleophilic attack therefore can be hydrolysed
46
Give 2 advantages of landfill as a waste management solution
Quick and cheap as infrastructure already present Condensation polymers can degrade over time
47
Give 2 disadvantages of landfill as a waste management solution
Limited availability of land CO2 production from transportation of waste
48
Give 2 advantages of incineration as a waste management solution
Reduces the amount of space for landfills Heat energy released during combustion can be used to generate electricity
49
Give 2 disadvantages of incineration as a waste management solution
Combustion produces green house gases, toxic gases and particulates
50
How are toxic gasses removed before entering the atmosphere after the incineration of waste
This is done by heating the gases to a high temperature
51
Give 2 advantages of recycling as a waste management solution
- Plastics originate from crude oil (non-renewable) Recycling saves raw materials Less overall energy/cost required, compared to starting from crude oil
52
Give 2 disadvantages of recycling as a waste management solution
Difficult/costly to collect/sort the plastic Energy used for melting plastics for recycling most likely comes from the burning of fossil fuels
53
What type of intermolecular forces do polyamides have
Able to make hydrogen bonds
54
What type of intermolecular forces do polyesters have
Permeant dipole - dipole between polymer chains
55
What type of intermolecular forces do polyalkenes have
Van der Waal’s forces between the molecules

Chemistry (Organic) (16 decks)

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