Polymers, Amino Acids And DNA

Question 1

Condensation polymerisation

Answer 1

Monomers join to eliminate a small molecule
Polyester
Polyamide

Question 2

Polyester

Answer 2

Diol and dicarboxylic acid
Eliminates water
PET/ terylene: ethane-1,2-diol and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Recyclable plastic

Question 3

Polyamides

Answer 3

Diamine and dicarboxylic acid
Nylon-> hexane-1,6-diamine and hexane-1,6-dioic acid
Kevlar-> benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and benzene-1,4-diamine
Hydrogen bonds between chains due to polar carbonyl group

Question 4

Biodegradability of polymers

Answer 4

Broken down by environment via hydrolysis due to polar bonds susceptible to attack by nucleophile
Addition polymers are non biodegradable remaining for thousands of years

Question 5

Landfill

Answer 5

Pollutes land which will take hundreds of years to decompose
Leaching into soil
Eyesore
Releases methane
Cost effective

Question 6

Incineration

Answer 6

Releases greenhouse gases
Produces gases causing acid rain
Produces waste for landfill
More expensive than landfill
Prevents unsightly landfill

Question 7

Reduce reuse recylcle

Answer 7

Reduction in use of polymers in packaging, reduction of carrier bag, polymer recycling, biodegradable polymer use

Question 8

Primary structure

Answer 8

Order of amino acids

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

Folding and coiling of chain

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Final folding of protein molecule

Question 11

Amino acids properties

Answer 11

Meltingnpoint >200°C
Solubl3 in polar solvents
Less acidic and less basic
Undergoes internal acid-base reactions to form zwitterion
Form ionic bonds

Question 12

Amino acids in acidic and alkaline solution

Answer 12

At high pH: COO-, NH2
At low pH: COOH, NH3+

Question 13

Hydrolysis of proteins

Answer 13

Boiling with dilute mineral acid
Analysed by TLC
Stain with ninhydrin or use uv light to visualise

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

Sugar phosphate backbone
Base
Double helix
Polymer of nucleotide monomer

Question 15

Action of anti cancer drugs

Answer 15

Inhibit enzymes involved in synthesis of nucleotides
Cisplatin allows coordinate bond to form between N in guanine and pt in cisplatin
Prevents DNA being replicated
Anti cancer drugs also attack sex, hair intestil lining and skin cells
Patients may lose hair, have skin or digestive problems and may become infertile