Polymers and Life - Isomerism and Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

what is a saturated compound?

Answer 1

hydrocarbons that contain the maximum amount of hydrogens possible with no double or triple bonds

Question 2

what is an aromatic compound?

Answer 2

a compound that contains one or more benzene rings

Question 3

what is an aliphatic compound?

Answer 3

compounds that do not contain any benzene rings

Question 4

what is a homologous series?

Answer 4

a series of compounds that all contain the same functional group

Question 5

what is a functional group?

Answer 5

modifers that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of molecules

Question 6

what is the structure of phenol?

Answer 6

an OH group attached to a benzene ring

Question 7

what is an isomer?

Answer 7

compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangements of atoms

Question 8

what is structural isomerism?

Answer 8

when the atoms are bonded together in a different order

Question 9

what is stereo isomerism?

Answer 9

order of bonding of atoms is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different

Question 10

what are the types of structural isomerism?

Answer 10

chain isomerism

position isomerism

functional group isomerism

Question 11

what is chain isomerism?

Answer 11

when the arrangement of carbon chains and side chains is different

Question 12

what is position isomerism?

Answer 12

when the functional group is in a different position in the molecule

Question 13

what is functional group isomerism?

Answer 13

when there are different functional groups in the molecule

Question 14

what are the types of stereoisomerism?

Answer 14

geometric isomerism

optical isomerism

Question 15

what is a carbonyl compound?

Answer 15

C = O

Question 16

what is an acyl compound?

Answer 16

R - C = O

Question 18

what is the functional group for aldehydes?

Answer 18

Question 19

what is the functional group for ketones?

Answer 19

Question 22

how are molecules with two carboxyl groups named?

Answer 22

ending -dioic

Question 23

what is the structure of benzoic acids?

Answer 23

Question 25

how are esters named, using ethyl ethanoate as an example

Answer 25

named after the alcohol and acid that it is formed from

acid part ends it -oate

ethyl ethanoate is formed from ethanol and ethanoic acid

Question 26

what is the equation for carboxylic acid dissociation?

Answer 26

R-COOH ⇔ R-COO^- + H⁺

Question 27

what is the strength of carboxylic acid?

Answer 27

it is a weak acid

Question 28

why is carboxylic acid a weak acid?

Answer 28

only a small proportion of the carboxylic acid molecules will dissociate

Question 29

what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate?

Answer 29

carbon dioxide, water and an ethanoate salt

Question 30

what happens when an alcohol or a phenol reacts with a carbonate compared to carboxylic acids?

Answer 30

carboxylic acids - solution will fizz alcohol and phenol - will not fizz

Question 31

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with universal indicator?

Answer 31

it will turn the universal indicator orange

Question 32

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium?

Answer 32

magnesium ethanoate produced hydrogen given off

Question 33

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Answer 33

sodium ethanoate is produced as well as CO2 and H20

Question 34

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?

Answer 34

sodium acetate, carbon dioxide and water produced

Question 35

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate?

Answer 35

calcium ethanoate solution produced carbon dioxide released

Question 36

what happens when carboxylic acids react with metals?

Answer 36

redox reaction produces a salt and hydrogen gas

Question 37

what happens when carboxylic acids react with alkalis?

Answer 37

acid-base neutralisation reaction produces salt + water

Question 38

what happens when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

Answer 38

acid-base reaction produces salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 39

how are esters formed?

Answer 39

condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol reversible reaction, usually under reflux and with a catalyst

Question 40

what is the reverse reaction of esterfication?

Answer 40

hydrolysis of an ester into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol