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Dosage Forms II > Polymers Exam 3 > Flashcards

Polymers Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polymer?

A

a large molecule that is made up of many small repeating units

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2
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Large molecules
Polymers are a subset of macromolecules

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3
Q

What are plastics?

A

Materials that can be molded, cast, extruded, drawn, thermoformed, or laminated into a product
Focused on the thermal properties

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4
Q

Examples of natural polymers

A

-nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
-proteins (gelatin)
-polysaccharides (cellulose, chitosan, alginic acid)

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5
Q

Examples of synthetic polymers

A

-polyethylene, Teflon, Kevlar, Nylon, silicon rubber, rayon
-anything that starts with “poly”

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6
Q

How to name a polymer

A

Poly(the repeating unit)

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7
Q

Homopolymer

A

same polymer all the way through

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8
Q

Random Copolymer

A

random alternation of two polymers

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9
Q

Alternate Copolymer

A

two kinds of polymer that alternates in a 1 for 1 pattern

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10
Q

Block Copolymer

A

When another type of polymer takes up a significant portion of a polymer

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11
Q

Branch Copolymer

A

when there is a branch containing another polymer

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12
Q

Characteristics of a linear polymer

A

good viscosity, processability and solubility

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13
Q

Characteristics of a cross-linked polymer

A

has a GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
decreased swellability
increased rigidity
less likely to change with thermal stability

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14
Q

Condensation polymerization

A

“step polymerization”
when two or more monomers that carry different reactive functional groups interact with each other

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15
Q

Addition polymerization

A

“free radical polymerization”
when radicals recruits monomers and converts it to a radical and so on

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16
Q

Mn

A

number average

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17
Q

Mw

A

weight average

18
Q

Polydispersity

A

how narrow or broad the weight is distributed
(Mw, Mn)

19
Q

What does a PD value > 1 mean?

A

it is BROADLY DISPERSED (not desired)

20
Q

Glass transition temperature

A

temperature where the drug changes from “glass” state to a more “rubbery” state

21
Q

T < Tg

A

drug is glassy, rigid

22
Q

T > Tg

A

drug is pliable

23
Q

Example that demonstrates glass transition temperature?

A

nicotine gum

24
Q

Characteristics of a Crystalline polymer

A

-linear
-polymer will pack together when T < Tg
-well defined melting temperature
-good for drug diffusion

25
Q

What will a graph for a crystalline polymer look like?

A

a sharp transition

26
Q

Characteristics of an amorphous polymer

A

-more common
-have a more irregular structure
-forms a glass temperature when T < Tg
-soften over a wide temperature

27
Q

What will a graph for a amorphous polymer look like?

A

smoother transition, gradual

28
Q

Modulus

A

characterized by the SLOPE of the line
-high modulus means the drug is very strong

29
Q

Toughness

A

area under the curve

30
Q

Polymer length on Tg

A

longer polymer INCREASES Tg

31
Q

Sides chains on Tg

A

bulkier polymers INCREASES Tg

32
Q

Crosslinking on Tg

A

more crosslinking INCREASES Tg

33
Q

Plasticizers

A

molecules that increase the entropy and mobility of the polymer chain

34
Q

Function of plasticizers

A

lowers Tg value when included in polymer products

35
Q

Example of a plasticizer

A

Water (storing drugs in a humid environment will decrease the drugs Tg)

36
Q

Hydrogel

A

-crosslinks of HYDROPHILIC polymers
-swell rapidly in water (through C.E.O interactions)
-can retain large amounts of water within their structures

37
Q

Chemical gel

A

covalently linked

38
Q

Physical gel

A

crosslinked via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions

39
Q

Cellulose based polymers

A

-ethlycellulose
-carboxylmethylcellulose
-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

40
Q

Hydrocolloid

A

-alginic acid
-chitosan

41
Q

Water soluble synthetic polymers

A

-polyethylene glycol
-polyvinyl alcohol

42
Q

Water insoluble synthetic

A

-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
-polylatic acid

Dosage Forms II (8 decks)

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