Polymers - SC24

Question 1

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What are plastics made from?

Answer 1

polymers

Question 2

What are polymers made of?

Answer 2

Lots of small molecules called monomers joined together

Question 3

What is polymerisation?

Answer 3

the process in which monomers join together to form a ploymer

Question 4

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 4

when alkene monomers break their double covalent bonds between carbons to add on another alkene momnomer. This process repeats to form a long chain polymer

Question 5

what letter is used in addition polymerisation to represent a large number of repeating units?

Answer 5

n

Question 6

Why is poly(ethene) a synthetic polymer?

Answer 6

manifactured in a laboratory

Question 7

In a repeating unit, what do bond lines passing through brackets represent?

Answer 7

show there is another repeating unit joined on each side / the unit is constantly repeating

Question 8

Whar are 3 types of naturally occuring polymers?

Answer 8

DNA, starch and proteins

Question 9

What are the 4 common types of polymer used in every day life?

Answer 9

Poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) and poly(tetrafluoroethene)

Question 10

What is the common name for poly(ethene)?

Answer 10

polythene

Question 11

what is the common name for poly(propene)?

Answer 11

polypropylene

Question 12

what is the common name for poly(chloroethene)?

Answer 12

PVC

Question 13

what is the common name for poly(tetrafluoroethene)

Answer 13

PTFE

Question 14

what are the properties of polyethene?

Answer 14

felxible, cheap, good insulator

Question 15

what are the properties of polypropylene?

Answer 15

felxible, does not shatter

Question 16

What are the properties of PVC?

Answer 16

tough, good insulator, can be made hard or flexible

Question 17

What are the properties of PTFE

Answer 17

tough, slippery

Question 18

Whata re the uses of polyethne in everyday use?

Answer 18

plastic bags/bottles, cling film and polytunnels

Question 19

What are the uses of polypropene?

Answer 19

buckets/bowls, crates, rope, carpets

Question 20

what are the uses of PVC?

Answer 20

window frames, gutters, pipes, insulation for wires

Question 21

what are the uses for PTFE?

Answer 21

non-stick coats for frying pans + kitchen utensils, stain-proofing clothing + carpets

Question 22

What are plastic bottles made from? (common + science name)

Answer 22

PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) - a ployester

Question 23

what is condenstation polymerisation?

Answer 23

monomers join together and eliminate a small molecule like water

Question 24

Polyesters are s—— polymers

Answer 24

synthetic

Question 25

What is a functional group?

Answer 25

an atom or group of atoms that are responsible for the properties and reactions of the compound

Question 26

What is the functional group in alcohol?

Answer 26

-OH

Question 27

what is the functional group for carboxylic acids?

Answer 27

-COOH

Question 28

What organic compound contains the functional group -COO-?

Answer 28

Esters

Question 29

What is the smell of esters?

Answer 29

sweet

Question 30

How are Esters formed? why is this a condenstation reaction?

Answer 30

when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alchol in the presence of a catalyst. Because water is also produced

Question 31

what is the reaction that creates an ester?

Answer 31

carboxylic acid + alchol -> ester + water

Question 32

what is a polyester?

Answer 32

a long-chain molecules that contains many ester links

Question 33

What must be included to form a long chain polyester

Answer 33

each monomer must have 2 functional groups (carboxylic acid and alchol), one at the end of the molecule

Question 34

how is crude oil seperated?

Answer 34

fractional distillation

Question 35

what happens to fractions produced by fractional distilation?

Answer 35

they are cracked and purifed to produce useful chemicaks

Question 36

What gases do plastics produce when burnt that are harmful to the environment? why are they harmful to the environment?

Answer 36

CO2 + toxic substances - greenhouse gases contribute to greenhouse effect

Question 37

What happens when toxic substances are removed from waste gases when buring plastics?

Answer 37

forms toxic ash which must be disposed of safely

Question 38

What are the 3 main issues with polymers on the environment?

Answer 38

Landfil, toxic gases from burning, toxic ash

Question 39

what polymer is represented the symbol 1-PET ?

Answer 39

Poly(ethyleneterephthalate)

Question 40

what polymer is represented the symbol 1-PET ?