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ESUN MS2Unit4 > POM > Flashcards

POM Flashcards

1
Q

Is a throughout history always helpful in PAD pts?

A

No, some pt can have PAD but don’t exert themselves enough to present it

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2
Q

ABI = ?

A

Ankle systolic pressure/brachial systolic pressure

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3
Q

What is normal ABI?

A

1 to 1.2

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4
Q

What does ABI > 1.5 mean?

A

Medial calcification

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5
Q

How to calculate the max HR according to age?

A

220-age

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6
Q

Is LOS caused by trauma count as syncope?

A

No

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7
Q

Younger pt tend to have more __ type of syncope and ___ type for elderly

A

Vasovagal/cardiac

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of neurally mediated syncope?

A

Sudden withdraw of symp tone

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9
Q

What are the 3 main causes of syncope?

A

Neurogenic (e.g. sneeze/stress)/cardiac/orthostatic

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10
Q

Fall suddenly, what type of syncope?

A

Cardiac

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11
Q

The type of syncope with the shortest duration is? what about longest?

A

Cardiac/vasovagal

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12
Q

What type of syncope with the fastest recovery?

A

Cardiac

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13
Q

What should you check for syncope pt on physical examination?

A

Supine and standing BP/HR

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14
Q

HoTN/high HR/low Hb, what causes the syncope?

A

Anemia, probably GI bleed

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15
Q

How to distinguish cardiac and vasovagal syncope?

A

Cardiac: sudden
Vasovagal: usually a trigger

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16
Q

S3 (ventricular gallop) happens in early __? following which heart sound?

A

diastole/S2

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17
Q

What is an atrial gallop?

A

S4

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18
Q

Where is aortic stenosis radiate to? what about mitral regurgitation?

A

To the neck (carotid)/axilla

19
Q

What grade of murmur is louder than the normal heart sound?

A

Grade III

20
Q

Isometric exercise and squat would increase or decrease the murmur of aortic stenosis?

A

Decrease (less flow through the valve)

21
Q

The murmur of aortic stenosis increases as S2 ?

A

Decreases

22
Q

2 common examples of diastolic murmur?

A

Aortic regug/mitral stenosis

23
Q

Isometric exercise and squat would increase of decrease the murmur of aortic regug?

A

Increase

24
Q

What does the murmur sound like for aortic regug?

A

Sound like S2 is being dragged longer

25
Q

What does mechanical ventilation mean?

A

Positive pressure ventilation

26
Q

Positive pressure ventilation causes HTN or HoTN?

A

HoTN and decrease CO

27
Q

PEEP increase or decrease preload?

A

Decrease

28
Q

What are the indications for mechanical ventilation?

A

Hypoxic/hypercarbic (inadequate) respiratory failure

29
Q

When do you use mask continous positive airway pressure for/what about bilevel positive airway pressure?

A

obstructive sleep apnea/COPD exacerbation

30
Q

When shouldnt you give pt noninvasive positive pressure ventilation?

A

Coma/cardiac arrest/respiratory arrest (pt needs to be awake)

31
Q

Prolonged ventilator use make pt at risk for?

A

Ventilator associated pneumonia

32
Q

What can causes ARDS

A

any critical illness like sepsis or brain injury

33
Q

P/F ratio low or high in ARDS?

A

Low

34
Q

Ventilator induce lung injury is similar to ?

A

ARDS

35
Q

Low or high TV should be used to prevent ventilator induce lung injury?

A

Low

36
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea leads to 2 things?

A

Reduce O2 saturation

Brief arousal

37
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep apnea?

A

In lab/apnea hypopnea index

38
Q

Sleep apnea increase risk for?

A

Cardiovascular disease

39
Q

What hormone increase risks for sleep apnea?

A

Testosterone

40
Q

Pre or post menopausal women has higher risk for sleep apnea? and what age group in general has a higher risk>

A

Post/middle age

41
Q

What are the 3 risk factors for sleep apnea?

A

Obesity/small airway/more fluid shift at night

42
Q

What questionnaire is for sleep apnea screening?

A

STOP-Bang

43
Q

What is the best treatment for sleep apnea?

A

Positive airway pressure

ESUN MS2Unit4 (5 decks)

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