POM

Question 1

Is a throughout history always helpful in PAD pts?

Answer 1

No, some pt can have PAD but don’t exert themselves enough to present it

Question 2

ABI = ?

Answer 2

Ankle systolic pressure/brachial systolic pressure

Question 3

What is normal ABI?

Answer 3

1 to 1.2

Question 4

What does ABI > 1.5 mean?

Answer 4

Medial calcification

Question 5

How to calculate the max HR according to age?

Answer 5

220-age

Question 6

Is LOS caused by trauma count as syncope?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Younger pt tend to have more __ type of syncope and ___ type for elderly

Answer 7

Vasovagal/cardiac

Question 8

What is the mechanism of neurally mediated syncope?

Answer 8

Sudden withdraw of symp tone

Question 9

What are the 3 main causes of syncope?

Answer 9

Neurogenic (e.g. sneeze/stress)/cardiac/orthostatic

Question 10

Fall suddenly, what type of syncope?

Answer 10

Cardiac

Question 11

The type of syncope with the shortest duration is? what about longest?

Answer 11

Cardiac/vasovagal

Question 12

What type of syncope with the fastest recovery?

Answer 12

Cardiac

Question 13

What should you check for syncope pt on physical examination?

Answer 13

Supine and standing BP/HR

Question 14

HoTN/high HR/low Hb, what causes the syncope?

Answer 14

Anemia, probably GI bleed

Question 15

How to distinguish cardiac and vasovagal syncope?

Answer 15

Cardiac: sudden
Vasovagal: usually a trigger

Question 16

S3 (ventricular gallop) happens in early __? following which heart sound?

Answer 16

diastole/S2

Question 17

What is an atrial gallop?

Answer 17

S4

Question 18

Where is aortic stenosis radiate to? what about mitral regurgitation?

Answer 18

To the neck (carotid)/axilla

Question 19

What grade of murmur is louder than the normal heart sound?

Answer 19

Grade III

Question 20

Isometric exercise and squat would increase or decrease the murmur of aortic stenosis?

Answer 20

Decrease (less flow through the valve)

Question 21

The murmur of aortic stenosis increases as S2 ?

Answer 21

Decreases

Question 22

2 common examples of diastolic murmur?

Answer 22

Aortic regug/mitral stenosis

Question 23

Isometric exercise and squat would increase of decrease the murmur of aortic regug?

Answer 23

Increase

Question 24

What does the murmur sound like for aortic regug?

Answer 24

Sound like S2 is being dragged longer

Question 25

What does mechanical ventilation mean?

Answer 25

Positive pressure ventilation

Question 26

Positive pressure ventilation causes HTN or HoTN?

Answer 26

HoTN and decrease CO

Question 27

PEEP increase or decrease preload?

Answer 27

Decrease

Question 28

What are the indications for mechanical ventilation?

Answer 28

Hypoxic/hypercarbic (inadequate) respiratory failure

Question 29

When do you use mask continous positive airway pressure for/what about bilevel positive airway pressure?

Answer 29

obstructive sleep apnea/COPD exacerbation

Question 30

When shouldnt you give pt noninvasive positive pressure ventilation?

Answer 30

Coma/cardiac arrest/respiratory arrest (pt needs to be awake)

Question 31

Prolonged ventilator use make pt at risk for?

Answer 31

Ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 32

What can causes ARDS

Answer 32

any critical illness like sepsis or brain injury

Question 33

P/F ratio low or high in ARDS?

Answer 33

Low

Question 34

Ventilator induce lung injury is similar to ?

Answer 34

ARDS

Question 35

Low or high TV should be used to prevent ventilator induce lung injury?

Answer 35

Low

Question 36

Obstructive sleep apnea leads to 2 things?

Answer 36

Reduce O2 saturation | Brief arousal

Question 37

What is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep apnea?

Answer 37

In lab/apnea hypopnea index

Question 38

Sleep apnea increase risk for?

Answer 38

Cardiovascular disease

Question 39

What hormone increase risks for sleep apnea?

Answer 39

Testosterone

Question 40

Pre or post menopausal women has higher risk for sleep apnea? and what age group in general has a higher risk>

Answer 40

Post/middle age

Question 41

What are the 3 risk factors for sleep apnea?

Answer 41

Obesity/small airway/more fluid shift at night

Question 42

What questionnaire is for sleep apnea screening?

Answer 42

STOP-Bang

Question 43

What is the best treatment for sleep apnea?

Answer 43

Positive airway pressure