Population Flashcards
What is natural pop growth?
BR+-DR
What is overall population growth?
BR+-DR +net migration
What is BR?
No of live births per thousand per year
What is DR?
No of deaths per 1000 per year
What is infant mortality?
No of deaths of children under 1 per thousand per year
Why are BRs high in LEDCs?
- children look after parents in old age
- high infant mortality rates, have lots so some survive
- economic assets, can work the land
- low female literacy, lack knowledge of birth control, few opportunities
- lack of family planning, against religion/culture
Why are DRs high in LEDCs?
- limited access to healthcare
- treatable conditions can be fatal (HIV/AIDS)
- diseases cause decrease in life expectancy
- overcrowded, unsanitary conditions, rapid spread of disease
- poor nutrition, deficit immune systems
What is stage one of the DTM?
DRs high - disease, famine, lack of clean water, lack of medical care
BRs high - lack of birth control, marry young
Natural increase high
E.g. remote tribes isolated from ROW
What is stage 2 of the DTM?
DRs start to fall - improved medicine, cleaner water, more better food, sanitation
BRs still high - same reasons, people haven’t accepted don’t need as many kids (IMR drop)
NI high
E.g. LEDCs Nigeria, Afganistan
What is stage 3 of DTM?
DR falling
BR falling - fewer farmers need kids to work
Same NI, but overall pop growth slowing
E.g. India, Brazil
What is stage 4 of DTM?
DR remains low
BR low - people have no of kids they want
Little/no NI
E.g. UK, USA, France
What is stage 5 of the DTM?
DR increases slightly - ageing pop
BR remains low, can fall below DR, change in lifestyle, have kids later
NI will decrease if more die than are born
E.g. Japan, Germany
What is underpopulation?
The number of people in the area is less than is needed to make full use of the resources available.
What is optimum population?
The size of the population permits full utilisation of the resources of an area, giving maximum per capita output and standard of living
What is overpopulation?
The number of people living in an area is greater than the resources available to support that population.
