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A2 Human Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What influences population change at a global scale?

A

Birth and death rates

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2
Q

When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, what does this create?

A

Natural Increase

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3
Q

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, what does this create?

A

Natural Decrease

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4
Q

What is an additional factor for population change at a national/regional scale?

A

Migration

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5
Q

What is the equation for population change?

A

Population Change=(Birth Rate-Death Rate)+/-migration

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6
Q

What does exponential growth mean?

A

Sudden change

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7
Q

What is the current world population growth rate?

A

1.13% per year

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8
Q

When was the peak growth rate of the world population?

A

1960s

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9
Q

What was the peak growth rate of the world population?

A

2% and above

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10
Q

Define demographic momentum

A

“The phenomenon of continued population increase despite reduced fertility rates. The population continues to grow due to a large proportion of its population entering its reproductive years”

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11
Q

What is the predicted population growth of the UK by 2050?

A

10 million

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12
Q

What is the predicted population growth of the USA by 2050?

A

100 milllion

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13
Q

What is the population of Japan expected to do by 2050?

A

Decrease

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14
Q

What is the population of Russia expected to do by 2050?

A

Decrease

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15
Q

What is the population of Germany expected to do by 2050?

A

Decrease

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16
Q

What is the population of Afghanistan expected to do by 2050?

A

Double

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17
Q

What was population previously kept in check by?

A

Nature (Famine, disease)

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18
Q

How much of the earth is covered in water?

A

70%

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19
Q

How much of the earth’s water is fresh?

A

2%

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20
Q

How much of the earth’s water is accessible?

A

1%

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21
Q

Where does Brian Richer work?

A

Nature conservancy

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22
Q

What does Brian Richer say about the earth’s water supply?

A

there is “no more water than when the world began”

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23
Q

Where does a lot of water get used?

A

Industry and agriculture

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24
Q

What is the process called where water is distilled from the sea?

A

Desalination

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25
What is a drawback of the process of desalination?
It is expensive
26
What prospect do we face with water?
1 billion people could suffer from water scarcity
27
What is Norman Borlaug famous for?
The Green Revolution
28
What was The Green Revolution?
Where Norman Borlaug led a team of scientists to use technology to create disease resistant food in Mexico and India increasing production five fold, allowing the countries to become more self-sufficient
29
What are three ways David Attenborough suggests to reduce food shortage?
Reduce our use of resources Reduce the technology we use Reduce the population
30
What does DTM stand for?
Demographic Transition Model
31
When was the DTM introduced?
1929
32
Who created the DTM?
American demographer Warren Thompson
33
What does the DTM describe?
The changes in vital rates and population growth that occur within economic development (pre-industrial; industrial; post-industrial)
34
What warning comes with using the DTM?
The model is a generalisation and although generated for specific countries it can be used as comparative
35
What are the five criticisms of the DTM?
Eurocentric (Based on European countries from 1800-1950) Population growth in LEDCs is not necessarily linked to development Death rate decline in LEDCs more due to imported western technology Not all countries go through the same stages Fails to account for migration
36
Is Afghanistan going through natural increase or decrease?
Increase
37
Is Syria going through natural increase or decrease?
Increase
38
Name a country going through natural decrease?
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
39
What is the natural decrease of Saint Pierre and Miquelon?
-2.30
40
Define birth rate
The average number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear
41
Define death rate
The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear
42
Define net migration
The net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and non-citizens
43
Define Immigration
The act of people movie got a country in order to settle there
44
Define emigration
To leave once country or region to settle in another
45
Define infant morality
The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births
46
Define child mortality
The probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births
47
Define life expectancy
The statistically determined average number of years of life remaining after a specified age for a given group of individuals
48
Define total fertility rate
The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: 1) She was to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime, and 2) She was to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life
49
Evaluate China's One Child Policy
Overall a statistical success, the policy was too simplistic a solution to a complex problem
50
Who Introduced One Child Policy?
Deng Ziaoping
51
When was One Child Policy introduced?
1979
52
Why was One Child Policy introduced?
Fear of famine, overcrowding and overpopulation
53
Was One Child Policy supported when it was introduced?
No, 9/10 people opposed it
54
What were the negatives of One Child Policy?
Unfair to rural communities Sons considered more valuable Huge ethical drawback Ageing Population
55
Why was the One Child Policy unfair to rural communities?
They needed workers and as a result productivity dropped
56
Why was the One Child Policy's drawback on gender?
Males were more valuable and female infanticide was common
57
What was an ethical drawback of the One Child Policy?
There were 16 million abortions alone in 1983 alone
58
What were the positives of the One Chile Policy?
Did the reduce the birth rate with 400 million births avoided and more resources per person
59
Where is Kerala?
India
60
Which Indian State introduced a population policy?
Kerala
61
Was Kerala's population policy Natal or Anti-Natal?
Anti-Natal
62
Was Kerala's population policy voluntary or mandatory?
Voluntary
63
What was the cause of the Keralan population policy?
The population doubled between 1951 and 1991
64
How did the Keralan population policy operate?
Free contraception Education Family planning
65
What were the positives of the Kerala policy?
Women are being educated and promoted Healthy children Contraception widespread
66
Why was the Kerala policy better than the national policy?
It avoided the negative effects of rapid change and is more ethical
67
Why is Kerala's policy suitable for LEDCs?
Doesn't require economic development (Kerala's economy was sluggish)
68
Why was Kerala's policy better than One Child?
Similar birth rate but less ethical issues
69
What is France's population policy called?
"Code de la familie"
70
What type of population policy is France's?
Pro-natalist
71
Why had France's population declined?
More people were aware of contraceptives | Women were having careers
72
What year was "Code de la famile" created?
1939
73
What did France's policy do?
Offered cash to mothers who stayed home Maternity grants Tax benefits to parents with children
74
What was the drawback of France's policy?
Expensive and is not reaching its targets

A2 Human Geography (1 decks)

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