Population

Question 1

Dependency ratio formula

Answer 1

(Population 0-19) + (population over 60)
________________________________

Population 20-59

Question 2

Juvenility index

Answer 2

Population 0-19
______________________

Population 20&Over

Question 3

Old-age index

Answer 3

Population 60 and over
______________________

Population 20-59

Question 4

Briefly describe the trend of world population change over the last 200 years.

Answer 4

Since 1800 increased by 6-fold.

1.1 billion to 6.1 billion

Question 5

Will this trend continue to 2050?

Answer 5

Yes - 9 billion by 2050

Question 6

How do countries collect data about their populations?

Answer 6

In the form of a census

Question 7

List three types of information typically collected

Answer 7

Employment characteristics, ethnicity and educational attainment

Question 8

What are the potential problems of census data collection?

Answer 8

Infringement of privacy

Some forms aren’t returned

Political conditions of certain countries make it difficult to complete

Question 9

How to governments make use of the resulting population data?

Answer 9

To provide a basis for the allocation of resources to services

Measure population change and who’s in what area

Gives a snapshot of diversity

Question 10

How might businesses and other forms of commerce make use of the resulting population data?

Answer 10

Enables targeted marketing (e.g. Putting more prepared foods in areas where there are a greater number of single adults)

Insurance industry can assess risk more easily

Question 11

Define birth rate

Answer 11

Measures an areas fertility.

Number of live births per 1,000 people in one year

Question 12

Define death rate

Answer 12

Number of deaths per 1,000 people in one year

Question 13

How to BR and DR combine to determine natural pop. change?

Answer 13

If birth rate exceeds the death rate, population will increase. And vice versa!

Question 14

What is the net migration rate?

Answer 14

The difference between the numbers of in-migrants and out-migrants

Question 15

Define fertility rate?

Answer 15

Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 in 1 year.

Question 16

What fertility rate is required to maintain a steady population growth?

Answer 16

2. 1

2. 12

Question 17

Define infant mortality rate

Answer 17

Number of deaths of children under age of 1 per 1,000 live births per year.

Question 18

Define life expectancy

Answer 18

The length of time someone is expected to live for.

Question 19

Define population density

Answer 19

The number of people who live in an area.

Divide the total population by total area of the region.

Question 20

Example of countries with high birth rate

Answer 20

Mali and Yemen

Question 21

Example of counties with low birth rate

Answer 21

Bulgaria and U.K.

Question 22

Why might countries with high death rates or high infant mortality rates also have high birth rates?

Answer 22

A study of sub-Saharan Africa concluded women must have, on average, 8/9 children to be 95% certain of a surviving adult son.

Question 23

How might local tradition affect fertility?

Answer 23

In many parts of the world, tradition demands high rate of rep production. Intense cultural expectations may override the wishes of a women.

Question 24

Does adherence to religious doctrine act to increase of decrease fertility? Why?

Answer 24

Increase fertility. Islam and Roman Catholic Church oppose artificial birth control.

However, example such as Italy have shown this isn’t always adhered to.

Question 25

What impact does education have on fertility?

Answer 25

Education comes with knowledge of birth control and more opportunities in employment. Therefore increased female literacy will control birth rate and youth pregnancies.

Question 26

Economic factors are important in determining fertility. How does this contrast between less and more developed countries?

Answer 26

Less developed: children are an economic asset. More producers than consumers. More developed: the other way around. Education is expensive the longer you stay in it. In Eastern Europe slow birth rate because of economic uncertainty.

Question 27

Name a developing country which used political influence to decrease the rate of population growth

Answer 27

China - one child policy

Question 28

Characteristics of fertility in a less developed area

Answer 28

Fastest rates of population growth Fertility rates low only locally, for instance where literacy rates are high

Question 29

Characteristics of fertility in a more developed area

Answer 29

Fertility rates generally low Govt. intervenes to increase its countries low fertility rate

Question 30

Three examples of countries which have a fertility rate below the rate needed to maintain a steady population

Answer 30

Turkey Iran Tunisia

Question 31

Countries with high death rates

Answer 31

Zambia Liberia Sierra Leone Zimbabwe

Question 32

Why does infant mortality vary between countries?

Answer 32

Depends on level of medical infrastructure A lack of prenatal and postnatal care, shortage of trained professionals, poor facilities and access lead to high infant mortality rate

Question 33

Why might rural areas of a less developed country have higher mortality rates than urban areas?

Answer 33

Poor access to sanitation and clean water Lack of accessibility to health services Governments know urban areas are more populated so they focus on that area

Question 34

Are people more willing to control fertility or mortality?

Answer 34

Mortality | Due to medical advances?

Question 35

Contrasting population characteristics of different urban areas Which 3 areas?

Answer 35

Byker, Jesmond, Longhorsley

Question 36

What area of city is Byker?

Answer 36

Inner city suburb

Question 37

What area of the city is Jesmond?

Answer 37

Suburb

Question 38

What area of the city is longhorsley?

Answer 38

Rural village

Question 39

Byker Kind of housing? Ownership? Employment? Services?

Answer 39

High-density terraces housing: 8% home ownership ``` 5% non-white High proportion 30-60 year olds Av. Income = £310 a week 30% full time employment 9.97% part time ``` Services: high level of social services (high levels of abuse) High proportion of free school meals Extensive CCTV, street warden scheme

Question 40

Jesmond Kind of housing? Ownership? Employment? Services?

Answer 40

Large houses, flats and businesses •evidence of studentification and gentrification Lowest pop. Of white British 20-24 year olds high £520 inckme 2.4% unemployment (relatively low)

Question 41

Longhorsley Kind of housing? Ownership? Employment? Services?

Answer 41

35% home ownership Counter-urbanisation 99.6% British Economically active families, lots of retired Average income 650£/week High car ownership 1.46 unemployment Services: 1 small village shop - elderly pop. No police staking - low crime 3 gold courses - lots of retirees

Question 42

Impacts of population change in rural settlements Rural pop. decline

Answer 42

Declining services: •post offices, banks, GPS, shops, transport •fewer people therefore not enough people to make viable Social impacts: •change of structure = ageing pop

Question 43

Impacts of population change in rural settlements Rural pop. Increase (counter-urbanisation in rural settlements which have good access to cities) Positive impacts

Answer 43

Increase in children = fuller or newer school Increase in profitability of shops and pubs Improvement in utilities - gas mains - internet provision Increase in value of property

Question 44

Impacts of population change in rural settlements Rural pop. Increase (counter-urbanisation in rural settlements which have good access to cities) Negative impacts

Answer 44

Loss of traditional rural character of villages Increase pop= congestion and noise Commuters - small daytime population Increase house prices therefore original population can't afford new house prices Tension between new commuter pop. And inhabitants Dormitory effect - lifeless, dull during day