Population and community

Question 1

the study of the relationships among organisms and the environment

Answer 1

ecology

Question 2

a group of interbreeding organisms of one species occupying a location at the same time

Answer 2

population

Question 3

includes all of the populations, representing multiple species, that interact in a given area

Answer 3

community

Question 4

a community plus it nonliving environment, including air, water, minerals, and fire

Answer 4

ecosystem

Question 5

the physical location where the members of a population normally live

Answer 5

habitat

Question 6

the number of individuals of a species per unit area or unit volume of habitat

Answer 6

Population density

Question 7

widely used technique to estimate animal populations

Answer 7

mark-recapture

Question 8

a chart that shows the probability of surviving to any given age

Answer 8

life table

Question 9

a graph of the proportion of surviving individuals at each age

Answer 9

survivorship curve

Question 10

invest great energy and time into each offspring

Answer 10

Type I

Question 11

provide a great deal of parental care, however, the threats of predation and diseases are constant throughout life

Answer 11

Type II

Question 12

die at a very young age

Answer 12

Type III

Question 13

the series of events in an organism’s life from conception through death

Answer 13

life history

Question 14

individuals tend to reproduce at an early age and have many offspring that receive little care

Answer 14

opportunistic life history

Question 15

individuals tend to produce a small number of offspring that receive extended parental care

Answer 15

equilibrium life history

Question 16

the number of new individuals is proportional to the population’s size

Answer 16

exponential growth

Question 17

which is the maximum number of individuals that the ecosystem can support indefinitely

Answer 17

carrying capacity

Question 18

early growth of a population may be exponential, but growth slows and stops as the population approaches the habitat’s carrying capacity

Answer 18

logistic growth

Question 19

conditions whose effects increase as the population grows

Answer 19

Density-dependent factors

Question 20

exert effects that are unrelated to population density

Answer 20

Density-independent factors

Question 21

those that occur among the living species in the community

Answer 21

Biotic interactions

Question 22

the total of all the resources a species requires for its survival, growth, and reproduction

Answer 22

niche

Question 23

cycle of heating and cooling, rising and falling air

Answer 23

convection cell

Question 24

the major types of ecosystems

Answer 24

biomes

Question 25

range from the lush tropics to the frozen poles

Answer 25

Terrestrial biomes

Question 26

include fresh water and the oceans

Answer 26

aquatic biomes

Question 27

relatively dry, with short summer and long, cold winters

Answer 27

Taiga (boreal forest)

Question 28

mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rain and fog

Answer 28

Temperate rain forest

Question 29

summers are warm, winters are cold

Answer 29

Temperate deciduous forest

Question 30

moderately moist, with hot summer and cold winters

Answer 30

Temperate grassland

Question 31

warm and wet year-round

Answer 31

Tropical rain forest

Question 32

snow covers the land during the bitterly cold and dark snow

Answer 32

Tundra

Question 33

summer are hot and dry, winters are mild and moist

Answer 33

Chaparral (Mediterranean shrubland)

Question 34

dry with less than 20 cm of rainfall per year

Answer 34

Desert

Question 35

warm year-round, with distinct wet and dry seasons

Answer 35

Tropical Savanna

Question 36

ice caps are extremely cold, dry, and windy year-round

Answer 36

Polar ice

Question 37

Light penetrates the regions of lake to different degrees. Rooted plants and phytoplankton thrive along the shore, providing food and shelter for organisms

Answer 37

Standing water

Question 38

A river carries water and sediments towards the ocean, providing moisture and habitat to aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

Answer 38

Running water (river)

Question 39

cover most Earth’s surface, contain 97% of the planet’s water. Both light and nutrients are abundant in the shallow waters above the continental shelf, supporting high primary productivity and extensive marine food webs

Answer 39

Open ocean

Question 40

an area where the freshwater of a river meets the salty ocean. Organisms can withstand extreme nutrients from both the river and the tides

Answer 40

Estuary

Question 41

the area between the high tide and low tide marks

Answer 41

Intertidal zone

Question 42

border tropical coastlines where the water is clear and sediment-free. These vast underwater structures of calcium carbonate are built by coral animals.

Answer 42

Coral reef