Population and Community Dynamics Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
Identifying the genetic information of an entire population by measuring an allele frequency.
What are the 5 conditions of the Hardy Weinberg Principle.
- Large population
- No migrations
- No mutations
- No natural selection
- Mating is random
How do p and q relate to allele and genotype frequencies?
p= dominant allele frequency
q=recessive allele frequency
p^2= homozygous dominant genotype frequency
q^2 = homozygous recessive genotype frequency
2pq=heterozygous genotype frequency
What is the Hardy Weinburg equation?
p + q = 1, p^2 + q^2 +2pq = 1
What is natural selection?
The result of differential reproductive success of individuals caused by variations in their inherited characteristics
What is genetic drift?
Changes to an allele frequency as a result of chance ( random ie, volcano erupting)
What is gene flow?
The movement of alleles from one population to another through movement of individuals or gametes
What is non-random mating?
What is the bottleneck effect?
A dramatic, often temporary, reduction in population size, usually resulting in significant genetic drift
What is the founders effect?
A genetic drift that results when a small number of individuals separate from their original population and find a new population
What is Migration?
Species moving to a certain area
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome
What is speciation and how does that relate to geographical isolation?
Speciation is the formation of new species, this can occur through geographical isolation when one species becomes geographically separated from another population of its kind.
How does speciation relate to reproductive isolation?
Reproductive isolation is when through different expressed genetic characteristics …, different structures, chemicals, rituals(mating patterns/habitats) reproductive isolation could occur, and even though offspring can produced they will not be fertile.
What is a population?
A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same habitat or ecosystem at the same time.
What is density dependent?
A factor in an ecosystem that affects members of population because of the population density. Infectious disease
What is density independent?
A factor in an ecosystem that effects members of a population regardless of population. Floods
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum number of spices that can be supported by an ecosystem.
What is environmental resistance?
Any factor that limits a population’s ability to realize its biotic potential when it nears or exceeds the enviorment’s carrying capacity
What is logistical growth?
A model of population growth describing growth that levels off as the size of the population approaches its carrying capacity
What is exponential growth?
A pattern of population growth in which the population size increases by a rate per a fixed unity of time
What is an S-shaped growth curve?
It is where carrying capacity is established, it is typical with open populations, having logistic growth, typical with K selected organisms.
What is a J-shaped growth curve?
It is typical in closed populations, including exponential growth, and typical in r selected organisms.
What are K-selected organisms (characteristics)?
K selected organisms =karrying capacity
- Large organisms
- Late sexual maturity
- Parental care
- Long life span
- Few offspring
- Population size dictated by carrying capacity
