Population and environment Flashcards
What is the epidemiological transition?
Long-term shift in the dominant causes of morbitity and mortality within a population as it develops socioeconomically. Typically involves a shift from a prevalence of communicable diseases such as malaria and cholera during the early stages of development to a dominance of non-communicable diseases such as CHD in more advanced development
What is the demographic dividend?
A period of accelerated economic growth resulting from a decline in birth and death rates, creating a higher proportion of working-age individuals relative to dependents. With fewer dependents, countries can boost productivity, savings, and investment, but success depends on effective policies in education, healthcare, and employment. The opportunity is temporary and not automatic.
What diseases occur in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?
Age of inactivity and obesity
Emergence of know or known communicable diseases (e.g. COVID-19)
What diseases occur in the first stage of the epidemiological transition?
Infectious diseases and famine
What is the demographic transition model (DTM) ?
A model that describes how population growth changes over time as a country develops, based on shifts in birth rates and death rates. It outlines five stages, from high fluctuating rates (pre-industrial societies) to low birth and death rates (post-industrial societies), linked to economic development, healthcare improvements, and social changes. The model is generalised and may not reflect all countries’ experiences, especially those affected by migration, conflict, or different development paths
What 2 types of soil are there?
Latosol and Podzol
How have humans mitigated impact of environmental pressures?
through the implementation of hydroponics, aeroponics, fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides
What is Boserup described as being?
Cornucopian
What is Malthus described as being
A Malthusian
