Population and Settlement Flashcards
(51 cards)
What 2 things affect population growth?
Birth and death rate
What is natural increase?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
What is natural decrease?
When the birth rate is lower than the death rate
What happens to a country in Stage 1 of the DTM?
Birth rate = high and fluctuating
Death rate = high and fluctuating
Population growth rate = zero
Population size = low and steady
Example countries = no countries, some tribes in Brazil
What happens to a country in Stage 2 of the DTM?
Birth rate =high and steady
Death rate = rapidly falling
Population growth rate = very high
Population size = rapidly increasing
Example countries =Gambia
What happens to a country in Stage 3 of the DTM?
Birth rate = rapidly falling
Death rate = slowly falling
Population growth rate =high
Population size = increasing
Example countries =Egypt
What happens to a country in Stage 4 of the DTM?
Birth rate = low and fluctuating
Death rate = low and fluctuating
Population growth rate = zero
Population size = high and steady
Example countries =UK, USA
What happens to a country in Stage 5 of the DTM?
Birth rate = slowly falling
Death rate = low and steady
Population growth rate =negative
Population size = slowly falling
Example countries = Japan
What happens to countries when they become more developed?
Birth & death rate change e.g. more money, so healthcare improves, so death rate drops, so faster population growth
What is a population pyramid?
Shows how many people there are of each age group and each sex
What is overpopulation?
When there are too many people for the resources
What causes overpopulation?
Rapid population growth
What countries are most likely to be overpopulated?
LEDCs e.g. Gambia (stages 2&3 of DTM) bc they have high birth rate and falling death rate
What causes a youthful population?
Low life expectancy and high birth rate
What problems do youthful, overpopulated LEDCs face?
Healthcare can’t cope with large amounts of people, so not everyone has access to them
Children have to work to support their families, so they miss out on education
Isn’t enough houses for everyone, leading to homelessness and make shift housing in crowded areas, which leads to more health issues as there isn’t always sewers or clean water
Food shortages, causing starvation
Not enough jobs, people can’t work
Increasing poverty bc children are born into families that are already poor
Increased waste & pollution
More natural resources used up e.g. deforestation
What are the different strategies to control overpopulation?
Birth control e.g. laws on how many children you can have, free contraception and sex education
Immigration laws e.g. laws that limit the number of people that are allowed immigrate
What is China’s population?
1.3 billion
Why was China encouraged to have more children in 1949?
To have a bigger and stronger army
What was the ‘late, long and few’ policy?
To naturally decrease China’s population, people were encouraged to have children later in life, leave longer gaps between having children and have fewer of them.
What was the ‘one child’ policy?
Couples that had 1 child would be given benefits like longer maternity leave, better housing, and free education.
Couples that had more than 1 child didn’t get these benefits and were also fined
What are the benefits to China’s one child policy?
Prevented 400 million births, fertility rate dropped from 2.9 to 1.8
What are the drawbacks to China’s one policy?
Ageing population, brutality with women being forced into abortion, many more men than women because baby girls were not wanted, overpopulated orphanages
What is an ageing population?
More people 65+ than 65-
What issues are caused by an ageing population?
Older people are dependent on the younger, working population
Healthcare services under strain bc older people need more care
People may have fewer children as they can’t afford lots of children when they’re looking after older relatives, this leads to a drop in birth rate
The more old people there is the lower the pensions will be and people have to retire later bc they can’t afford to live on a pension
Government get less taxes as only the working pay them
